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622. An unexpected tenant: contamination in a Physeter catodon (Physeteridae, Artiodactyla) genome indicates undescribed species of Sarcocystis Lankester, 1882 (Sarcocystidae, Eucoccidiorida) in the marine environment
- Creator:
- Faria, Joaquim Filipe and Harris, David James
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- endoparasite, sperm whale, marine mammal, Sarcocystis neurona, and Sarcocytis canis
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Data mining animal of genomes has been used before to identify endoparasites, and may be a particularly useful tool to surpass some difficulties faced by studies in the marine environment. We detected a species of Sarcocystis Lankester, 1882, contamination in the sperm whale (Physeter catodon Linnaeus) reference genome available in the GenBank database. We identified and extracted multiple gene fragments and placed the sequences in a phylogenetic framework. Our results indicate that the sequences of Sarcocystis sp. found in the genome do not correspond to any currently described species, despite a few other similar sequences having been identified in fur seals (Pinnipedia) and another sperm whale. Including data from previous studies, we suggest there is enough evidence to support the occurrence of at least four species of Sarcocystis in marine mammals. We also demonstrate that the term "S. canis-like" has been used for samples not closely related to Sarcocystis canis Dubey et Speer, 1991.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
623. An unusual temperature dependence of malondialdehyde formation in Fe2+/H2O2-initiated lipid peroxidation of phosphatidylcholine liposomes
- Creator:
- Mišík, V., Gergeľ, D., Alov, P., and Ondriaš, K.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde, temperature dependence, and oxygen consumption
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Determination of malondialdehyde is a widely used procedure for measurement of lipid peroxidation. In this paper we report an unusual temperature dependence of malondialdehyde formation in egg yolk phosphatidylcholine liposomes oxidized by the Fenton system (0.1 mmol/1 FeSC>4 and 0.05 mmol/1 H2O2). The amount of malondialdehyde formed was 37 % higher in samples kept at 22 °C than at 50 °C. An alternative method for determination of lipid peroxidation, measurement of oxygen uptake, revealed complete consumption of dissolved oxygen to peroxidized lipids at 22 °C as well as 50 °C. Since oxygen is essential for the formation of cyclic peroxides - precursors of malondialdehyde - we conclude that the nature of the observed effect consists in limitation of oxygen availability at elevated temperatures.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
624. An updated view of leptin on implantation and pregnancy: a review
- Creator:
- Herrid, M., Palanisamy, S. K. A., Ciller, U. A., Fan, R., Moens, P., Smart, N. A., and McFarlane, J. R.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, leptin, těhotenství, pregnancy, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The hormone leptin, which is thought to be primarily produced by adipose tissue, is a polypeptide that was initially characterized by its ability to regulate food intake and energy metabolism. Leptin appears to signal the status of body energy stores to the brain, resulting in the regulation of food intake and whole-body energy expenditure. Subsequently, it was recognized as a cytokine with a wide range of peripheral actions and is involved in the regulation of a number of physiological systems including reproduction. In the fed state, leptin circulates in the plasma in proportion to body adiposity in all species studied to date. However other factors such as sex, age, body mass index (BMI), sex steroids and pregnancy may also affect leptin levels in plasma. In pregnant mice and humans, the placenta is also a major site of leptin expression. Leptin circulates in biological fluids both as free protein and in a form that is bound to the soluble isoform of its receptor or other binding proteins such as one of the immunoglobulin superfamily members Siglec-6 (OBBP1). Although the actions of leptin in the control of reproductive function are thought to be exerted mainly via the hypothalamicpituitary-gonadal axis, there have also been reports of local direct effects of leptin at the peripheral level, however, these data appear contradictory. Therefore, there is a need to summarize the current status of research outcomes and analyze the possible reasons for differing results and thus provide researchers with new insight in designing experiments to investigate leptin effect on reproduction. Most importantly, our recent experimental data suggesting that reproductive performance is improved by decreasing concentrations of peripheral leptin was unexpected and cannot be explained by hypotheses drawn from the experiments of excessive exogenous leptin administration to normal animals or ob/ob mice., M. Herrid, S. K. A. Palanisamy, U. A. Ciller, R. Fan, P. Moens, N. A. Smart, J. R. McFarlane., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
625. Analitical simulation of application of FFT based spectral method of fatigue cycle counting for multiaxial stress on example of pulse excited beam
- Creator:
- Kozien, Marek Stanisław and Smolarski, Dariusz
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fatigue, FFT analysis, vibration, and cycle counting
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Vibration of engineering structures results in time variable displacements functions. For realistic structures modes of vibration are determined by exciting frequency and the natural frequencies of the structure. Hence, the components of stress tensor are time function too. In the presented paper the general idea of method of cycle-counting based on the FFT analysis for engineering structures is discussed and analytically verified for the case vibrating beam excited by series pulse-type force with no damping. and V názvu článku je jazyková chyba/překlep - analitical - správně = analytical
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
626. Analyse and verification of in-pipe bristled minimachine prototype
- Creator:
- Dovica, Miroslav, Gorzás, Michal, Kaťuch, Peter, and Kováč, Jozef
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- thin pipe, minimachine, smart bristle, and difference friction
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This paper describes experimental work done on a prototype of in-pipe bristled minimachine, which locomotes in pipe with inner diameter under 40 mm. The principle of minimachine locomotion is based on difference friction force between bristle tip and pipe wall. The new bristle design and its mathematical and graphical model will be presented. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
627. Analysis of a TV polemical discourse
- Creator:
- Čmejrková, Světla
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- English and Czech
- Description:
- Mediální dialog ztrácí některé rysy přirozeného dialogu tváří v tvář, který leží v jeho půdorysu, a získává rysy další, neboť komunikace tu přestupuje přes hranice primární řečové situace. Televizní dialog je dialog veřejný, který se vede před diváckým publikem a pro toto publikum. Divák je nejen svědkem, ale pravým cílem, k němuž je dialog směrován. Stať analyzuje komunikační situaci, při níž jsou ve studiu přítomni redaktor a dva hosté, představitelé různých profesí a názorových proudů (ekonom a ekoložka) i různých stanovisek к určité otázce (globalizace). Redaktor se obrací s otázkami střídavě к oběma. aby je vzájemně konfrontoval a spor vyhrotil. Dotazovaní hosté se snaží nejen odpovídat na otázky redaktora (to je jejich základní role v interview), ale i zpochybňovat či přímo vyvracet odpovědi druhého z hostí (role často neméně důležitá). Hosté komunikují nejen s redaktorem, ale komunikují i mezi sebou navzájem, ať už skrytě, či zjevně, s cílem získat diváka na svou stranu. Stať analyzuje toto interview v souvislosti s otázkou typologie debat a debat založených na konfliktu zájmů a konfliktu hodnot.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
628. Analysis of diaphragm movement, during tidal breathing and during its activation while breath holding, using MRI synchronized with spirometry
- Creator:
- Kolář, P., Jiří Neuwirth, Jan Šanda, Vojtěch Suchánek, Zuzana Svatá, J. Volejník, and Martin Pivec
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, držení těla, physiology, posture, diaphragm fiction, magnetic resonance Paging, thorax, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- a1_Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in conjunction with synchronized spirometry we an alyzed and compared diaphragm movement during tidal breathing and voluntary movement of the diaphragm while breath holding. Breathing cycles of 16 healthy subjects were examined using a dynamic sequence (77 slices in sagittal plane during 20 s, 1NSA, 240x256, TR4.48, TE2.24, FA90, TSE1, FOV 328). The amplitude of movement of the apex and dorsal costophren ic angle of the diaphragm were measured for two test conditions: tidal breathing and voluntary breath holding. The maximal inferior and superior positions of the diaphragm were subtracted from the corresponding positions during voluntary movements while breath holding. The average amplitude of inferio-superior mo vement of the diaphragm apex during tidal breathing was 27.3±10.2 mm (mean ± SD), and during voluntary movement while breath holding was 32.5±16.2 mm. Movement of the costophrenic angle was 39±17.6 mm during tidal breathing and 45.5±21.2 mm during voluntary movement while breath holding. The inferior position of the diaphragm was lower in 11 of 16 subjects (68.75 %) and identical in 2 of 16 (12.5 %) subj ects during voluntary movement compared to the breath holding. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to demonstrate that movement of the costophrenic angle and apex of the diaphragm ha d a linear relationship in both examined situations (r=0.876). A correlation was found between the amplitude of diaphragm movement during tidal breathing and lung volume (r=0.876). The amplitude of movement of the diaphragm with or without breathing showed no correlation to each other (r=0.074). The moveme nt during tidal breathing shows a correlation with the changes in lung volumes. Dynamic MRI demonstrated that individuals are capable of moving their diaphragm voluntarily, but the amplitude of movement differs from person to person., a2_In this study, the movements of the diaphragm apex and the costophr enic angle were synchronous during voluntary movement of the diaphragm while breath holding. Although the sample is small, this study confirms that the function of the diaphragm is not only respiratory but also postural and can be voluntarily controlled., P. Kolář, J. Neuwirth, J. Šanda, V. Suchánek, Z. Svatá, J. Volejník, M. Pivec., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
629. Analysis of earthquakes recordings of tidal gravimeters in the period range of 10-1000 s
- Creator:
- Karkowska, Kamila, Wilde-Piórko, Monika, and Dykowski, Przemysław
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- gravimeter, seismometer, transfer function, earthquake, and Rayleigh wave
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The physical properties of tidal gravimetric instruments allow recording, not only tidal effects, but also waves generated by earthquakes. Three gravimetric stations with determined transfer functions and co-located seismic stations from the observatories in Western and Central Europe were selected for analysis. The observatories are equipped with almost all types of sensors available on the market, which allow for thorough analysis of earthquake recordings in the period range of 10–1000 s. In total, over 10,000 traces of worldwide earthquakes were investigated. The saturation levels of gravimeters as well as a correlation between the gravimetric and seismometric signals of an earthquake were carefully analysed. A simple processing scheme of gravimetric signal of earthquakes was adopted thanks to the probabilistic power spectral density analysis of continuous recordings. The detail analysis of transfer function of gravimeters allowed to define a period range when a sensitivity coefficient (calibration factor) and a time lag value only can be used to properly describe the properties of instruments. What’s more, it has been shown based on the calculated group-velocity dispersion curves of fundamental mode of Rayleigh waves, that the Earth’s mantle structure can be determined for greater depths from the recording of tidal gravimeters than from typical broad-band seismometers.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
630. Analysis of electricity industry liberalization in Great Britain: how did the bidding behavior of electricity producers change?
- Creator:
- Tashpulatov, Sherzod N., Kejak, Michal, Univerzita Karlova. Centrum pro ekonomický výzkum a doktorské studium, and Národohospodářský ústav (Akademie věd ČR)
- Publisher:
- CERGE-EI
- Format:
- electronic and 55 s. : il.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Ekonomie, energetika, hospodářská soutěž, liberalismus, ekonomická regulace, ceny, Velká Británie, 620.9, 339.137, 330.82, 338.24, 338.5, (410), (048.8), 4, and 33
- Language:
- English and Czech
- Description:
- Sherzod N. Tashpulatov., Obsahuje bibliografii, Souběžné české resumé, and born digital
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public