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15112. The inverse carrier problem
- Creator:
- Gustafson, Grant B. and Laitoch, Miroslav
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- carrier, associated carrier, inverse carrier problem, and second order linear differential equations
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The problem was motivated by Borůvka’s definitions of the carrier and the associated carrier. The inverse carrier problem is precisely defined and partially solved. Examples are given.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
15113. The involvement of protein kinases in the cardioprotective effect of chronic hypoxia
- Creator:
- Naryzhnaya, Natalia V., Ma, Hui-Jie, and Maslov, Leonid N.
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- heart, adaptation, chronic hypoxia, ischemia/reperfusion, and kinases
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The purpose of this review is to analyze the involvement of protein kinases in the cardioprotective mechanism induced by chronic hypoxia. It has been reported that chronic intermittent hypoxia contributes to increased expression of the following kinases in the myocardium: PKCδ, PKCα, p-PKCε, p-PKCα, AMPK, p-AMPK, CaMKII, p-ERK1/2, p-Akt, PI3-kinase, p-p38, HK-1, and HK-2; whereas, chronic normobaric hypoxia promotes increased expression of the following kinases in the myocardium: PKCε, PKCβII, PKCη, CaMKII, p-ERK1/2, p-Akt, p-p38, HK-1, and HK-2. However, CNH does not promote enhanced expression of the AMPK and JNK kinases. Adaptation to hypoxia enhances HK-2 association with mitochondria and causes translocation of PKCδ, PKCβII, and PKCη to the mitochondria. It has been shown that PKCδ, PKCε, ERK1/2, and MEK1/2 are involved in the cardioprotective effect of chronic hypoxia. The role of other kinases in the cardioprotective effect of adaptation to hypoxia requires further research.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
15114. The irrelevant information principle for collective probabilistic reasoning
- Creator:
- Adamčík, Martin and Wilmers, George
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- uncertain reasoning, discrete probability function, social inference process, maximum entropy, Kullback-Leibler, and irrelevant information principle
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Within the framework of discrete probabilistic uncertain reasoning a large literature exists justifying the maximum entropy inference process, \ME, as being optimal in the context of a single agent whose subjective probabilistic knowledge base is consistent. In particular Paris and Vencovská completely characterised the \ME inference process by means of an attractive set of axioms which an inference process should satisfy. More recently the second author extended the Paris-Vencovská axiomatic approach to inference processes in the context of several agents whose subjective probabilistic knowledge bases, while individually consistent, may be collectively inconsistent. In particular he defined a natural multi-agent extension of the inference process \ME called the social entropy process, \SEP. However, while \SEP has been shown to possess many attractive properties, those which are known are almost certainly insufficient to uniquely characterise it. It is therefore of particular interest to study those Paris-Vencovská principles valid for \ME whose immediate generalisations to the multi-agent case are not satisfied by \SEP. One of these principles is the Irrelevant Information Principle, a powerful and appealing principle which very few inference processes satisfy even in the single agent context. In this paper we will investigate whether \SEP can satisfy an interesting modified generalisation of this principle.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
15115. The judgment of the Czech Constitutional Court in the “Slovak pensions” case and its possible consequences (in light of the fortiter in re suaviter in modo principle)
- Creator:
- Pítrová, Lenka
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Court of Justice of the European Union, Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic, dissolution of Czechoslovakia, old-age pensions, transnational social security, competences of the European Union Court of Justice, ultra vires decision, principle of conferral, and principle of co-operation
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- As a consequence of a unique historical fact – the dissolution of Czechoslovakia – the divergencebetween the two social systems of the successor states occurred and caused unequal treatment of those oldagepensioners, previous citizens of the federal state, whose employer had had, by chance, its seat in the territoryof the other successor state. The subsequent decision-making over the pension claims of these citizensresulted in controversial judgments not only at the national but also at the Union level. The article focuseson the recent evolution in European Union Court of Justice case “Landtova” (C-399-09) as reflected in theCzech Constitutional Court’s judgement (Pl. ÚS 5/12) stating that EU law is inapplicable in these cases andtherefore the above mentioned decision of CJEU is ultra vires. In this context the auricle deals with relationshipof national and EU law in light of the principle of conferral, division of powers and cooperation betweenthe national and European Union courts.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
15116. The k-metric colorings of a graph
- Creator:
- Fujie-Okamoto, Futaba, Renzema, Willem, and Zhang, Ping
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- detour distance and metric coloring
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- For a nontrivial connected graph G of order n, the detour distance D(u, v) between two vertices u and v in G is the length of a longest u − v path in G. Detour distance is a metric on the vertex set of G. For each integer k with 1 ≤ k ≤ n−1, a coloring c : V (G) → N is a k-metric coloring of G if |c(u) − c(v)| + D(u, v) ≥ k + 1 for every two distinct vertices u and v of G. The value χ k m(c) of a k-metric coloring c is the maximum color assigned by c to a vertex of G and the k-metric chromatic number χ k m(G) of G is the minimum value of a k-metric coloring of G. For every nontrivial connected graph G of order n, χ 1m(G) ≤ χ 2m(G) ≤ . . . ≤ χ n−1 m (G). Metric chromatic numbers provide a generalization of several well-studied coloring parameters in graphs. Upper and lower bounds have been established for χ k m(G) in terms of other graphical parameters of a graph G and exact values of k-metric chromatic numbers have been determined for complete multipartite graphs and cycles. For a nontrivial connected graph G, the anti-diameter adiam(G) is the minimum detour distance between two vertices of G. We show that the adiam(G)-metric chromatic number of a graph G provides information on the Hamiltonian properties of the graph and investigate realization results and problems on this parameter.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
15117. The Kato-type spectrum and local spectral theory
- Creator:
- Miller, T. L. , Miller, V. G. , and Neumann, Michael M.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- decomposable operator, semi-Fredholm operator;, semi-regular operator;, Kato decomposition;, Bishop’s property ($\beta $);, and property ($\delta $)
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Let $T\in {\mathcal{L}}(X)$ be a bounded operator on a complex Banach space $X$. If $V$ is an open subset of the complex plane such that $\lambda -T$ is of Kato-type for each $\lambda \in V$, then the induced mapping $f(z)\mapsto (z-T)f(z)$ has closed range in the Fréchet space of analytic $X$-valued functions on $V$. Since semi-Fredholm operators are of Kato-type, this generalizes a result of Eschmeier on Fredholm operators and leads to a sharper estimate of Nagy’s spectral residuum of $T$. Our proof is elementary; in particular, we avoid the sheaf model of Eschmeier and Putinar and the theory of coherent analytic sheaves.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
15118. The kind of AKH-mobilized energy substrates in insects can be predicted without a knowledge of the hormone structure
- Creator:
- Socha , Radimír, Kodrík, Dalibor , Šimek, Petr, and Patočková , Markéta
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Adipokinetic hormones, Dysdercus cingulatus, Pyrrhocoris apterus, Locusta migratoria, Tenebrio molitor, Pyrap-AKH, lipids, carbohydrates, and structure-function relations
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of this study was to show that the kind of AKH-mobilized energy substrates in insects can be predicted on the basis of the results obtained with the application of heterologous, i.e. inter-species, AKHs. Four different AKHs, the Locmi-AKH-I inducing hyperlipaemia and hyperglycaemia in Locusta migratoria, Tenmo-HrTH inducing hyperglycaemia in Tenebrio molitor, and Pyrap-AKH and Peram-CAH-II inducing hyperlipaemia in Pyrrhocoris apterus were used, firstly in conspecific tests, secondly in all possible species-AKH combinations, and finally in individual applications on the test species, the cotton bug Dysdercus cingulatus. Since each of the AKHs induced hyperlipaemia in D. cingulatus adults, we predicted that lipids are the only energy substrates which are mobilized in this species by its native AKH. The accuracy of this prediction was subsequently confirmed by the structural identification of the native D. cingulatus AKH and conspecific application tests. The proposed methodical approach can serve as a suitable monitoring system for determination of the kind of energy substrates mobilized by native insect AKHs until the structure of the hormone is identified.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
15119. The KL-Miner procedure for datamining
- Creator:
- Lín, Václav, Dolejší, Petr, Rauch, Jan, and Šimůnek, Milan
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- data mining, contingency tables, and GUHA
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- KL-Miner [9] is a datarnining procedure that, given input data matrix M. and a set of parameters, generates patterns of the form R ~ C/7. Here R and C are categorial attributes corresponding to the columns of M, and 7 is a Boolean condition defined in terms of the remaining colums of Ai. The pattern R C means that R and C are strongly correlated on the submatrix of M formed by all the rows of M that satisfy 7. What is meant by “strong correlation” and how are R, C and 7 generated is determined by the input parameters of the procedure. KL-Miner conforms to the GUHA principle forinulated in [1]. It revives two older GUHA procedures described in [2]; it is very much related to CORREL and contains a new implementation of COLLAPS as a module. In this paper, we mention the motivation that leads to designing of KL-Miner, describing our new implementation of COLLAPS and giving application exarnples that illustrate the main features of KL-Miner.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
15120. The Komisenian dialect of Aftar
- Creator:
- Borjian, Habib
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A Northwest Iranian dialect, Aftari, is grouped both diachronically and typologically together with the other dialects spoken around the town of Semnān, east of Tehran. For this group the designation “Komisenian”, after the old name of the province, is proposed in the article. As is the case with the neighboring Caspian dialects to the north, Aftari is the language of postpositions, and it has a relatively elaborate system of personal and demonstrative pronouns. Aftari shares with Tabari the element -enn- in the present indicative, a remnant of the Old Iranian present participle * -ant-. In terms of ergativity, Aftari holds a position somewhere between Tabari, which has none, and the Central Plateau Dialects which have preserved the system. Remnants of the Middle Iranian ergativity remain in Aftari as a distinct set of personal endings for the past transitive; in the past, these acted as agents of transitive verbs. Thus, transitivity still plays a role in the past conjugation, but there are indications that the difference is fading away, most notably in 3rd person singular forms. The intransitive past tenses are marked by -št- preceding the personal endings, except for the 3rd person singular, which has neither. The perfect tense has various constructions, often merging with the preterit, and thus may not be authentic to Aftari.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public