Number of results to display per page
Search Results
15272. The role of collective bargaining in Czech labour law
- Creator:
- Pichtr, Jan and Martin Štefko
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- pracovní právo, labor laws and legislation, principle of favour, trade unions, 16, and 34
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Czech collective employment law remains to be quite far from the Western European tradition. Once rich and flourishing, the CZech collective employment law world had been profoundly changed during the Nazi and mainly Communist Era, where the role assigned to collective agreements was diminished to a soft plan implementing directives of the State. After our return to democracy, it is obvious that we had to adopt not only new democratic regulations but also to re-build informal structures Because of suppressed role of trade unions, poor level of social dialogue and a number of statutory regulations, Czech collective agreements are sursed to play only a secondary role even in the near future., Jan Pichrt, Martin Štefko., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
15273. The role of crop density, seed and aphid presence in diversification of field communities of Carabidae (Coleoptera)
- Creator:
- Honěk, Alois and Jarošík, Vojtěch
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Carabidae, abundance, activity, winter wheat, winter rape, metapopulation, and microclimate
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In 1995-1997, we studied the factors which may influence the ground "activity density" of Carabidae using pitfall traps placed in winter wheat, winter rape and pea stands (1995 only) grown within a 1 km2 area with uniform physical conditions. The traps were placed in plots of bare ground established within the crops and under surrounding intact plant stands. The communities were similar between crops within years (Pearson's correlation coefficient r = 0.60 - 0.81), and between years within crops (r = 0.89 - 0.91), except for the poor winter rape stand in 1997. Factors influencing carabid "activity density" were: (i) Density of crop stand. The carabids preferred crop-shaded ground as long as crop density was low or medium but moved to bare ground plots when crop density became high. Under moderate crop density the preference differed between beetle species, most of which preferred crop-shaded ground while a few ones preferred bare ground. Carabid preferences were probably determined by microclimatic differences caused by presence and density of crop cover. (ii) Presence of seeds dropped on the ground. In rape stands, presence of crop and weed seeds increased the "activity density" of seed predators (species of genera Amara, Harpalus, Ophonus and Pseudoophonus). Scattering of rape seeds significantly increased local activity density of Harpalus affinis and H. distinguendus in the wheat stand. (iii) Presence of aphids. Activity density of Bembidion lampros and Trechus quadristriatus and between-year variation in pooled abundance of the five species recognised as aphid predators was associated with variation in aphid abundance.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
15274. The role of endogenous reactive oxygen species in cardiac myocyte autophagy
- Creator:
- Wang, J.-P, Chi, R.-F, Li, B, Qin, F.-Z, Han, X.-B, Deng, Y.-Z, and Liu, J
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Reactive oxygen species, Endogenous, Autophagy, Cardiomyocytes, Rats, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Autophagy is implicated in the maintenance of cardiac homeostasis. Autophagy is activated in heart failure, in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased. Exogenous ROS have been shown to induce cardiomyocyte autophagy alterations. However, little is known about the influences of physiological levels of endogenous ROS on cardiomyocyte autophagy. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that endogenous ROS in cardiomyocytes play an important role in inducing autophagy. Cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes or Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) or the superoxide dismutase mimic tempol under the basal or nutrient deprivation conditions. The autophagic flux was assessed by the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine. In H9C2 cardiomyocytes, under a basal condition, NAC or tempol increased the ratio of LC3 II/I proteins and reduced LC3 II autophagic flux. Under nutrient deprivation, NAC increased the LC3 II/I ratio and reduced LC3 II autophagic flux. In vivo studies in rats, NAC treatment increased the LC3 II/I ratio and p-Akt protein expression in myocardium. We concluded that the antioxidants reduced autophagic flux in cardiomyocytes under the basal or nutrient deprivation conditions, suggesting that endogenous ROS promote autophagy flux under physiological conditions, and this effect is mediated, at least in part, through Akt inhibition., J.-P. Wang, R.-F. Chi, J. Liu, Y.-Z. Deng, X.-B. Han, F.-Z. Qin, B. Li., and Seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
15275. The role of epicardial adipose tissue in heart disease
- Creator:
- Matloch, Z., Tomáš Kotulák, and Martin Haluzík
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, záněty, obezita, diabetes mellitus, inflammations, obesity, epicardial fat, adipokines, type 2 diabetes mellitus, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Recent studies focused on epicardial fat, formerly relatively neglected component of the heart, have elucidated some of its key roles. It possesses several properties that can distinguish it from other adipose tissue depots. Its unique anatomical location in the heart predisposes the epicardial fat to be an important player in the physiological and biochemical regulation o f cardiac homeostasis. Obesity is associated with an increase in epicardial fat mass. Excess of cardiac fat can contribute to greater left ventricular mass and work, diastolic dysfunction and attenuated septal wall thickening. Imbalance in adipokines levels secreted in autocrine or paracrine fashion by epicardial fat can contribute to the activation of the key atherogenic pathways in the setting of metabolic syndrome. Epicardial fat has also been identified as an important source of pro-inflammatory mediato rs worsening endothelial dysfunction, eventually leading to coronary artery disease. Increased production of pro-inflammatory factors by epicardial fat can also contribute to systemic insulin resistance in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Here we revie w the most important roles of epicardial fat with respect to heart disease in the context of other underlying pathologies such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus., Z. Matloch, T. Kotulák, M. Haluzík., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
15276. The role of fungal taxa and developmental stage of mushrooms in determining the composition of the mycophagous insect community in a Japanese forest
- Creator:
- Yamashita, Satoshi and Hijii, Naoki
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Chemical components, community structure, microbes, mushrooms, and mycophagous insects
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We hypothesize that differences in fungal taxonomic groups may exert a direct influence on the composition of mycophagous insect communities, and that the relative importance of taxonomy compared to other fungal traits may change as the mushrooms decay. We conducted a 3-year field survey and analyzed the species composition of mycophagous insect communities using partial canonical correspondence analysis (partial CCA). We collected 2457 mushrooms belonging to 27 genera, and 4616 insects belonging to 16 families emerged from 439 of the mushrooms. For the whole insect community, fungal genera explained 10-19% of the total variance in the family composition of the insect communities of mushrooms at different developmental stages. Only the fungal genus Collybia significantly affected the community composition almost irrespective of developmental stage. In the drosophilid community, which consisted of 844 individuals from 9 species, fungal genera explained 19-34% of the total variance. Some fungal genera, such as Amanita and Collybia, affected the drosophilid community, but not at all developmental stages. The number of fungal genera that significantly affected the insect community composition did not differ among fungal stages both in the whole insect community and in the drosophilid community. Thus, our former hypothesis was supported by the present analysis, whereas the latter was not. However, the percentages of variance explained by fungal genera were rather small. This suggests that the importance of fungal genera is likely to be less significant than that of other selection pressures in determining the species composition of mycophagous insect communities.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
15277. The role of HNF1B in tumorigenesis of solid tumours: a review of current knowledge
- Creator:
- Bártů, M., Dundr, P., Němejcová, K., Tichá, I., Hojný, H., and Hájková, N.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- HNF1B, tumorigenesis, and immunohistochemistry
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-β is a transcription factor which plays a crucial role during ontogenesis in the differentiation of visceral endoderm from primitive endoderm, and is especially important for the normal development of the kidney, urogenital tract, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and pancreas. Despite the growing knowledge about the potential involvement of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-β in the process of carcinogenesis, the exact underlying mechanism that would explain its rather varied effects in different tumours has not been sufficiently investigated. Most of the data regarding the significance of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-β arise from genome-wide association studies and is concerned with the influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-β on either the increased or decreased susceptibility to certain types of cancer. However, the influence of both the germinal and somatic mutations of this gene on the process of carcino-genesis is still poorly understood. According to current data, in some tumours hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-β acts as a protooncogene, while in others as a tumour suppressor gene, although the reasons for this are not clear. The exact incidence of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-β mutations and the spectrum of tumours in which they may play a role in the process of carcinogenesis remain unknown. From the practical point of view, immunohistochemical expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-β can be used in differential diagnostics of certain tumours, especially clear cell carcinoma. In our article we review the current knowledge regarding the significance of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-β in carcinogenesis. and Corresponding author: Michaela Bártů
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
15278. The role of HPV as a risk and a prognostic factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- Creator:
- Klozar, Jan
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
15279. The role of hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species in wound healing
- Creator:
- Kanta, Jiří
- Format:
- braille, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, přehledy, and TEXT
- Subject:
- hojení ran--fyziologie, granulační tkáň--cytologie--chemie, reaktivní formy kyslíku--farmakologie--metabolismus, hyperbarická oxygenace--využití, hypoxie--patofyziologie, peroxidy--farmakologie--terapeutické užití, lidé, and financování organizované
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Wound healing is a complex physiological process important for tissue homeostasis. An acute injury initiates massive cell migration, proliferation and differentiation, synthesis of extracellular matrix components, scar formation and remodelling. Blood flow and tissue oxygenation are parts of the complex regulation of healing. Higher organisms utilize molecular oxygen as a terminal oxidant. This way of gaining energy for vital processes such as healing leads to the production of a number of oxygen compounds that may have a defensive or informatory role. They may be harmful when present in high concentrations. Both the lack and the excess of reactive oxygen species may influence healing negatively., Jiří Kanta, and Literatura 6
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
15280. The role of hydrogen sulphide in blood pressure regulation
- Creator:
- Cacanyiova, S., Berenyiova, A., and Kristek, F.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Hydrogen sulphide, Nitric oxide, Vascular tone, Hypertension, and Nitro-sulphide
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Cardiovascular studies have confirmed that hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is involved in various signaling pathways in both physiological and pathological conditions, including hypertension. In contrast to nitric oxide (NO), which has a clear vasorelaxant action, H2S has both vasorelaxing and vasoconstricting effects on the cardiovascular system. H2S is an important antihypertensive agent, and the reduced production of H2S and the alterations in its functions are involved in the initiation of spontaneous hypertension. Moreover, cross-talk between H2S and NO has been reported. NO-H2S interactions include reactions between the molecules themselves, and each has been shown to regulate the endogenous production of the other. In addition, NO and H2S can interact to form a nitrosothiol/s complex, which has original properties and represents a novel nitroso-sulphide signaling pathway. Furthermore, recent results have shown that the interaction between H2S and NO could be involved in the endothelium-regulated compensatory mechanisms that are observed in juvenile spontaneously hypertensive rats. The present review is devoted to role of H2S in vascular tone regulation. We primarily focus on the mechanisms of H2S-NO interactions and on the role of H2S in blood pressure regulation in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public