Data on the webs, prey spectrum, density and fecundity of Theridion impressum from three different habitats [fields of sunflower, fiddleneck (Phacelia), and apple trees] are presented and discussed. The volume of webs were found to vary between 5 (the first free instar) to 117 cm3 (subadult and adult specimens). The mean density of adult spiders per plant was 0.7 (sunflower), 1.5 (fiddleneck) and 1.2 (per apple branch). Spiders preferred to build webs in the upper part of vegetation or at the extremities of tree branches. The prey spectrum was assessed by collecting webs and identifying their contents. Prey items were primarily aphids (73%), Diptera (7.5%), acid Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (both 5.4%). Pests comprised 90% of the prey; the remaining 10% was accounted for by natural enemies, pollinators and other insects. The number of insects captured in webs differed among study habitats (sunflower > fiddleneck > apple tree) though this difference was not statistically significant. Due to greater numbers of aphids in webs on sunflower, the mean prey length was significantly smaller on sunflowers than in other plots. An index of fecundity was obtained by counting the number of eggs in eggsacs. This varied from 48 to 156 per eggsac and was not significantly different between study plots. The number of eggs was strongly correlated with numbers of prey captured per spider.
A phytosociological synthesis of weed vegetation of southern Moravia (Czech Republic) was performed using the Braun-Blanquet approach. Gradsect sampling, i.e. a priori stratified selection of sampling sites, was used for the field survey. Using this method, 115 quadrants of the Central European mapping grid (6 × 5.6 km) were chosen. Three hundred and ten relevés recorded in 1997–2002 were classified, based on the Cocktail method, which defines sociological species groups and then creates formal definitions of vegetation units. In total, nine associations of the class Stellarietea mediae were distinguished in southern Moravia. Three associations were included in the alliance Caucalidion lappulae (Lathyro-Adonidetum, Euphorbio-Melandrietum, Veronicetum hederifoliotriphylli) and three in the alliance Scleranthion annui (Aphano-Matricarietum, SperguloScleranthetum, Erophilo-Arabidopsietum). For each of the alliances Veronico-Euphorbion, Spergulo-Oxalidion and Panico-Setarion one association was distinguished, respectively, SetarioFumarietum, Panico-Chenopodietum polyspermi and Echinochloo-Setarietum pumilae . Species composition of these associations is documented in a synoptic table. Their structure, ecology, and distribution are commented.
Given $\alpha $, $0<\alpha <n$, and $b\in {\mathrm BMO}$, we give sufficient conditions on weights for the commutator of the fractional integral operator, $[b,I_\alpha ]$, to satisfy weighted endpoint inequalities on $\mathbb{R}^n$ and on bounded domains. These results extend our earlier work [3], where we considered unweighted inequalities on $\mathbb{R}^n$.
Let $m$ be a positive integer, $0<\alpha <mn$, $\vec {b}=(b_{1},\cdots ,b_{m})\in {\rm BMO}^m$. We give sufficient conditions on weights for the commutators of multilinear fractional integral operators $\Cal {I}^{\vec {b}}_{\alpha }$ to satisfy a weighted endpoint inequality which extends the result in D. Cruz-Uribe, A. Fiorenza: Weighted endpoint estimates for commutators of fractional integrals, Czech. Math. J. 57 (2007), 153–160. We also give a weighted strong type inequality which improves the result in X. Chen, Q. Xue: Weighted estimates for a class of multilinear fractional type operators, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 362, (2010), 355–373.
First, some classic properties of a weighted Frobenius-Perron operator P u ϕ on L 1 (Σ) as a predual of weighted Koopman operator W = uUϕ on L∞(Σ) will be investigated using the language of the conditional expectation operator. Also, we determine the spectrum of P u ϕ under certain conditions
Generalised halfspace depth function is proposed. Basic properties of this depth function including the strong consistency are studied. We show, on several examples that our depth function may be considered to be more appropriate for nonsymetric distributions or for mixtures of distributions.
In this paper we study integral operators of the form \[ Tf(x)=\int | x-a_1y|^{-\alpha _1}\dots | x-a_my|^{-\alpha _m}f(y)\mathrm{d}y,
\] $\alpha _1+\dots +\alpha _m=n$. We obtain the $L^p(w)$ boundedness for them, and a weighted $(1,1)$ inequality for weights $w$ in $A_p$ satisfying that there exists $c\ge 1$ such that $w( a_ix) \le cw( x)$ for a.e. $x\in \mathbb R^n$, $1\le i\le m$. Moreover, we prove $\Vert Tf\Vert _{{\mathrm BMO}}\le c\Vert f\Vert _\infty $ for a wide family of functions $f\in L^\infty ( \mathbb R^n)$.
We present some properties of mixture and generalized mixture operators, with special stress on their monotonicity. We introduce new sufficient conditions for weighting functions to ensure the monotonicity of the corresponding operators. However, mixture operators, generalized mixture operators neither quasi-arithmetic means weighted by a weighting function need not be non-decreasing operators, in general.
Relations between (proper) Pareto optimality of solutions of multicriteria optimization problems and solutions of the minimization problems obtained by replacing the multiple criteria with Lp-norm related functions (depending on the criteria, goals, and scaling factors) are investigated.