The inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP) is an important role in motor control, such as coordination of movement control of balance, posture, and gait. In the current study, using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), we attempted to investigate the connectivity of the ICP in normal subjects. Forty healthy subjects were recruited for this study. DTTs were acquired using a sensitivity-encoding head coil at 1.5 Tesla. A seed region of interest was drawn at the ICP using the FMRIB Software Library. Connectivity was defined as the incidence of connection between the ICP and target brain regions at the threshold of 5, 25, and 50 streamlines. The ICP showed 100% connectivity to the vestibular nucleus, reticular formation, pontine tegmentum, and posterior lobe of the cerebellum, irrespective of thresholds. In contrast, the ICP showed more than 70% connectivity with the target brain regions at the threshold of 5 streamlines that is to the thalamus (100 %), anterior lobe of the cerebellum (100 %), pedunculopontine nucleus (95.0 %), red nucleus (92.5 %), primary somatosensory cortex (86.3 %), and primary motor cortex (75.0 %). According to our findings, the ICP had high connectivity, mainly with the sensory-motor related areas. We believe that the methodology and results of this study would be useful in investigation of the neural network associated with the sensory-motor system and brain plasticity following brain injury and other diseases.
The eigenvalues of graphs are related to many of its combinatorial properties. In his fundamental work, Fiedler showed the close connections between the Laplacian eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a graph and its vertex-connectivity and edge-connectivity. We present some new results describing the connections between the spectrum of a regular graph and other combinatorial parameters such as its generalized connectivity, toughness, and the existence of spanning trees with bounded degree., Sebastian M. Cioabă, Xiaofeng Gu., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
We assessed the effect of the previously uncovered gap junctio n protein alpha 8 (Gja8) mutation present in spontaneously hypertensive rat - dominant cataract (SHR - Dca ) strain on blood pressure, metabolic profile, and heart and renal transcriptomes. Adult, standard chow-fed male rats of SHR and SHR - Dca strains were used. We found a significant, consistent 10-15 mmHg decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures in SHR - Dca compared with SHR (P<0.01 and P<0.05 , respectively; repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA)). With immunohistochemistry, we were able to localize Gja8 in heart, kidney, aorta, liver, and lungs, mostly in endothelium; with no differences in expression between strains. SHR - Dca rats showed decreased body weight, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and basa l insulin sensitivity in muscle. There were 21 transc ripts common to the sets of 303 transcripts in kidney and 487 in heart showing >1.2-fold difference in expression between SHR and SHR - Dca. Tumor necrosis factor was the most significant upstream regulato r and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor family ligand-receptor interactions was the common enriched and downregulated canonical pathway both in heart and kidney of SHR - Dca. The connexin 50 mutation L7Q lowers blood pressure in the SHR - Dca strain, decr eases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and leads to substantial transcriptome changes in heart and kidney., O. Šeda, F. Liška, M. Pravenec, Z. Vernerová, L. Kazdová, D. Křenová, V. Zídek, L. Šedová, M. Krupková, V. Křen., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The fundamental democratic principles, among which we consider the principle of the State according to the Rule of Law as particularly significant, are being brought to life at present in the new democratic States of particularly Central Europe and in numerous developing countries. The implementation of these principles in the everyday life of society is the decisive indicator of the standard of political and legal culture which forms the framework of human rights. There is a plurality of theoretical concepts of human rights in the present day world, but the consensus in the fundamental concept of human rights is continuously increasing.
This paper focuses on the consensual security rights over the objects of intellectual property in the Czech Republic. The paper is based on the national report presented for the purpose of XX. Congress of the International Academy of Comparative Law (Japan, Fukuoka, 22-28 July 2018). In the first part of the paper, the authors describe the system of the intellectual property protection and explain the basic principles of the core sstems of IP protection: copyrights, patents, trademarks and industrial designs. in the next part the authors define three most common methods of the security rights over the intangible assets: a pledge, transfer of a right as a security, and a prohibition of the alienation or the encumbrance of assets. The paper subsequently deals with the following issues: typical structure of the security transaction, mechanisms of evaluating the IP rights used as collateral, and requirements needed for the effectiveness of security rights. With this regard the authors distinguish between the effects of the security rights over non-registered rights such as copyright or unregistered designs, and security rights over registered trademarks, granted patents or registered industrial designs. Special attention is paid to the security rights over the business enterprise. The final part of the paper is aimed at the statistical analysis. The authors describe how frequent is the use of the consensual security rights in Czech legal practice and what are the usual costs related to the secured transactions over the intellectual property., Pavel Koukal, Helena Pullmannová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The simultaneous problem of consensus and trajectory tracking of linear multi-agent systems is considered in this paper, where the dynamics of each agent is represented by a single-input single-output linear system. In order to solve this problem, a distributed control strategy is proposed in this work, where the trajectory and the formation of the agents are achieved asymptotically even in the presence of switching communication topologies and smooth formation changes, and ensuring the closed-loop stability of the multi-agent system. Moreover, the structure and dimension of the representation of the agent dynamics are not restricted to be the same, as usually assumed in the literature. A simulation example is provided in order to illustrate the main results.
Consensus clustering algorithms are used to improve properties of traditional clustering methods, especially their accuracy and robustness. In this article, we introduce our approach that is based on a refinement of the set of initial partitions and uses differential evolution algorithm in order to find the most valid solution. Properties of the algorithm are demonstrated on four benchmark datasets.
The paper presents an algorithm for the solution of the consensus problem of a {linear }multi-agent system composed of identical agents. The control of the agents is delayed, however, these delays are, in general, not equal in all agents. {The control algorithm design is based on the H∞-control, the results are formulated by means of linear matrix inequalities. The dimension of the resulting convex optimization problem is proportional to the dimension of one agent only but does not depend on the number of agents, hence this problem is computationally tractable. } It is shown that heterogeneity {of the delays in the control loop} can cause a steady error in the synchronization. Magnitude of this error is estimated. The results are illustrated by two examples.
In this paper, the consensus of heterogeneous multi-agent systems (MASs) with uncertain Deny-of-Service (DoS) attack strategies is studied. In our system, all agents are time synchronized and they communicate with each other with a constant sampling period normally. When the system is under attack, all agents use the hold-input mechanism to update the control protocol. By assuming that the attack duration is upper bounded and the occurrence of the attack follows a Markovian jumping process, the closed-loop system in presence of such a kind of random DoS attack is modeled as a Markovian jumping system, and the attack probabilities are allowed to be partially unknown and uncertain. By means of Lyapunov stability theory and Markovian jumping system approach, sufficient conditions are proposed such that the output consensus can be achieved, and the controller gains are determined by solving some matrix inequalities. Finally, a simulation study on the mobile stage vehicles is performed, showing the effectiveness of main results.