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272. Estimations of the critical temperatures for development of the pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)
- Creator:
- Hassani, Mohammad Reza, Arbab, Abbas, Izadi, Hamzeh, and Nouri-Ganbalani, Gadir
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Psyllidae, Agonoscena pistaciae, critical temperature, developmental rate, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a major pest of pistachio trees throughout the pistachio producing regions in Iran. The effect of temperature on the developmental rates of eggs and nymphs of A. pistaciae was determined at different constant temperatures, i.e. 15, 20, 25, 30, 32.5 and 35 ± 0.5°C. The relationships between temperature and developmental rates were described by linear and the non-linear Lactin models. These models were evaluated based on R2, RSS, AIC and R2adj. The estimated value of the lower temperature threshold for egg, nymph and egg to adult development based on the linear model was 8.06, 10.38 and 9.97°C, respectively, and based on the Lactin model was 8, 11.55 and 11.2°C, respectively. Thermal constants estimated using the linear model, were 88.5, 243.90 and 333.33 DD, respectively, for egg, nymph and egg to adult development. These results indicate that the linear model gives a better description of the relationship between developmental rate and temperature for A. pistaciae than the non-linear model. These results could be incorporated into forecasting models used in the integrated pest management of this pest. and Mohammad Reza Hassani, Abbas Arbab, Hamzeh Izadi, Gadir Nouri-Ganbalani.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
273. Evaluating the role of intestinal parasites in the high rates of irritable bowel syndrome in South America: a pilot study
- Creator:
- Vasquez-Rios, George, Machicado, Jorge D, Gamero, Maria T, Pezua, Adriana, Betancourt, Angel B, Terashima, Angelica, and Marcos, Luis A
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parazitické organismy, tračník, parasitic organisms, colon, Jižní Amerika, South America, soil-transmitted helminths, Blastocystis sp., functional gastrointestinal diseases, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- There is limited data on the role of intestinal parasites in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in South America. We evaluated the association between intestinal parasitism and IBS status in Peru. Intestinal parasites were detected in 43% of the IBS cases and in 51% of the controls (P = 0.4). After excluding those infected by any parasite, the IBS prevalence remained high (22%; P = 0.7). No statistically significant difference was noted between IBS cases and controls in terms of monoparasitism, biparasitism or multiparasitism. Furthermore, the protist Blastocystis sp. was inversely associated with IBS., George Vasquez-Rios, Jorge D. Machicado, Maria T. Gamero, Adriana Pezua, Angel B. Betancourt, Angelica Terashima, Luis A. Marcos., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
274. Evaluation of responses of different ant species (Formicidae) to the scavenger deterrent factor associated with the entomopathogenic nematode-bacterium complex
- Creator:
- Gulcu, Baris, Hazir, Selcuk, Lewis, Edwin E, and Harry K Kaya
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- mravencovití, ants, Formicidae, scavenger deterrent factor, pathogens, Heterorhabditis, Photorhabdus, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- According to previous observations, it was hypothesized that the feeding behavior of some ant species would be deterred by a scavenger deterrent factor (SDF), whereas for other species it would not. The effects of the SDF were studied on 11 ant species in three different subfamilies: Dolichoderinae Forel, 1878, Formicinae Latreille, 1809, and Myrmicinae Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835. The experiments were conducted from 2014-2015 in Davis, California, United States, Aydin, Turkey, and Duzce, Turkey. Five-day-old Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976), (Hb)-killed and freeze-killed Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758) were exposed to ant colonies in the field for 3 to 4 h. Seven ant species fed significantly less on Hb-killed insects than freeze-killed insect. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in cadaver consumption with five species, but Liometopum occidentale Emery, 1895 did consume a higher rate of Hb-killed insects than freeze-killed insects and was not deterred by SDF. It was also observed that four ant species took Hb-killed insects into the nests, but two Myrmicinae species, Pogonomyrmex subdentatus Mayr, 1870 and Messor meridionalis (André, 1883) removed the cadavers after 30 min, whereas two Formicinae species, Cataglyphis nodus (Brullé, 1833) and Formica fusca Linnaeus, 1758, retained the cadavers in the nest. It was assumed that the latter two species consumed both Hb-killed and freeze-killed insects. Further studies are needed to explain why L. occidentale C. nodus and F. fusca are not deterred by SDF., Baris Gulcu, Selcuk Hazir, Edwin E. Lewis, Harry K. Kaya., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
275. Even mild changes in free thyroxine could influence the degree of heart failure measured by its biological surrogates
- Creator:
- Otto Mayer, Jaroslav Šimon, Jakub Čech, Hana Rosolová, Hrbková, J., Richard Pikner, and Ladislav Trefil
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, fyziologie, kardiologie, srdeční selhání, natriuretické peptidy, physiology, cardiology, heart failure, natriuretic peptides, thyroxine, high-normal, low-normal, 2, and 577
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Both, severe hypo- or hyperthyroidism may alter hemodynamic parameters. The aim of our study was to ascertain, whether also distinct changes within normal range of free thyroxine (fT4) would be associated with an impairment of left ventricle function in patients with chronic heart failure. Hundred-forty-eight patients (m121, f27, mean age 63.8±1.14 years) with chronic heart failure, fT4 levels within the normal range (9-22 pmol/l) and without thyrostatics or substitution treatment. Degree of heart failure was quantified by plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP). Patients with fT4 in the range 11.9-14.6 pmol/l [optimal, 2nd-3th quintile] had significantly lower NT-proBNP (718±70.4 pg/ml), than those with fT4<11.8 [low-normal, bottom quintile](1236±223.6 pg/ml; p<0.03) and those with fT4 over 14.6 pmol/l [high-normal, top two quintiles] (1192±114.9 pg/ml; p<0.0002). These differences remain significant, also if adjusted for age, gender and other confounders; adjusted odds ratio was 1.30 (1.05-1.59) for optimal vs. low-normal and 1.27 (1.04-1.55) for optimal vs. high-normal. Similar statistical differences were also found in BNP, but only when optimal and high-normal fT4 ranges were compared. In conclusion, the severity of heart failure seems to be also influenced by only mild deviations of fT4 concentrations from optimal levels., O. Mayer Jr, J. Šimon, J. Čech, H. Rosolová, J. Hrbková, R. Pikner, L. Trefil., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické údaje
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
276. Exercise-induced prostacyclin release positively correlates with VO2max in young healthy men
- Creator:
- Zoladz, Jerzy A., Majerczak, J., Duda, K., and Chłopicki, S.
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, biochemie, prostaglandiny, výkon, biochemistry, prostaglandins, performance, exercise, maximal oxygen uptake, power output, 2, and 577
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this study we have evaluated the effect of maximal incremental cycling exercise (IE) on the systemic release of prostacyclin (PGI2), assessed as plasma 6-keto-PGF1α concentration in young healthy men. Eleven physically active - untrained men (mean ± S.D.) aged 22.7 ± 2.1 years; body mass 76.3 ± 9.1 kg; BMI 23.30 ± 2.18 kg · m-2; maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) 46.5 ± 3.9 ml · kg-1 · min-1, performed an IE test until exhaustion. Plasma concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1α, lactate, and cytokines were measured in venous blood samples taken prior to the exercise and at the exhaustion. The net exercise-induced increase in 6-keto-PGF1α concentration, expressed as the difference between the end-exercise minus pre-exercise concentration positively correlated with VO2max (r=0.78, p=0.004) as well as with the net VO2 increase at exhaustion (r=0.81, p=0.003), but not with other respiratory, cardiac, metabolic or inflammatory parameters of the exercise (minute ventilation, heart rate, plasma lactate, IL-6 or TNF-α concentrations). The exercise-induced increase in 6-keto-PGF1α concentration was significantly higher (p=0.008) in a group of subjects (n=5) with the highest VO2max when compared to the group of subjects with the lowest VO2max, in which no increase in 6-keto-PGF1α concentration was found. In conclusion, we demonstrated, to our knowledge for the first time, that exercise-induced release of PGI2 in young healthy men correlates with VO2max, suggesting that vascular capacity to release PGI2 in response to physical exercise represents an important factor characterizing exercise tolerance. Moreover, we postulate that the impairment of exercise-induced release of PGI2 leads to the increased cardiovascular hazard of vigorous exercise., J. A. Zoladz ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
277. Expression of cytochrome P450 CYP6B6 in the different developmental stages of the insect Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
- Creator:
- Zhang, Xuetao, Yuan, Dan, Ding, Li, Li, Pan, Li, Fen, and Liu, Xiaoning
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Helicoverpa armigera, developmental stage, CYP6B6 expression, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In order to determine when during the development of H. armigera CYP6B6 is expressed, we measured the width of the head capsule, the length of the body and weight of the different life stages of the cotton bollworm reared under laboratory condition. The larvae took about 20 d to complete their development under these conditions, the pre-pupae about 4 d, pupae about 9 d, and the adults lived for about 9 d and the eggs took about 4 d to hatch. Knowing this it was possible to determine the pattern of cytochrome P450 CYP6B6 expression at different stages in the life cycle of H. armigera using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The CYP6B6 gene was expressed in all the developmental stages of the cotton bollworm. The results indicate that the level of expression was lower in the egg, pre-pupal, pupal and adult stages than in larvae. The level of expression of CYP6B6 decreased from the 1st to the 3rd instar larva, with the lowest level recorded in the 3rd instar larvae and then increased reaching its highest value in 6th instar larvae. A similar trend in the expression of CYP6B6 was detected using immunohistochemistry. As the results show, more efficient control of the cotton bollworm can be achieved if insecticides are applied when the larvae of H. armiger are in the 3rd instar, because at that stage the eat little food and there is a low level of detoxifying enzymes in the larvae., Xuetao Zhang ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
278. Factors limiting the northern distribution of the blueberry maggot, Rhagoletis mendax (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Eastern Canada
- Creator:
- Vincent, Charles, Lemoyne, Pierre, Gaul, Sonia, and Mackenzie, Kenna
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, dvoukřídlí, vrtulovití, Diptera, Tephritidae, Rhagoletis mendax, blueberry maggot, supercooling point, overwintering, host plants, Vaccinium spp., 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Until recently, the Canadian distribution of the blueberry maggot, Rhagoletis mendax Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), was restricted to Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick. The insect was first mentioned in southern Quebec in 1996 and, to date, it has not reached the Lac St-Jean region, where 34% of Canadian blueberry acreage is located. Two questions concerning the northern limit of distribution of the blueberry maggot in Quebec were addressed. First, are wild plants suitable hosts for larval development? We collected the fruit of five wild plants, (e.g. Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium angustifolium, Vaccinium myrtilloides, Gaylussacia baccata, and Aronia melanocarpa) growing in southern Quebec and allowed larvae to complete their development into pupae. Blueberry maggot pupae were recovered from Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium angustifolium, and Gaylussacia baccata, indicating that these plants are suitable for larval development. Second, are harsh winter temperatures a factor limiting the northern distribution of the blueberry maggot? Pupae collected in Quebec and Nova Scotia were put in the soil in the fall and were brought back to the laboratory to determine their supercooling points at different times during winter. The supercooling points of pupae collected in Quebec and Nova Scotia averaged -22.6°C. In natural conditions, air temperatures <-20°C are frequently observed in Quebec in January, February and March. However, due to snow cover, soil temperatures are rarely <-12°C. If -22.6°C constitutes the lower limit for the survival, then winter temperatures are probably not a limiting factor to its northern distribution in Quebec, because blueberry maggot pupae overwinter in the soil., Charles Vincent, Pierre Lemoyne, Sonia Gaul, Kenna Mackenzie., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
279. Fast slide preparation for thrips (Thysanoptera) routine identifications
- Creator:
- Silveira, Luís C. P. and Haro, Marcelo M.
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, entomology, Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Phlaeothripidae, pest, IPM, Hoyer's solution, slide mount, identification, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Thrips are important agricultural pests and accurate identification is important for their effective management. In order to determine species, however, they need to be mounted on slides and the traditional process is time-consuming. The aim of this paper is to describe a simple and fast method to prepare temporary slides for the routine identification of thrips, which is not dependent on their colour and hardness. Four species of thrips of different colours were used in the preparations: Frankliniella occidentalis (yellow with brown tergal markings), Frankliniella schultzei (entirely brown), Haplothrips gowdeyii (dark brown to carmine) and Caliothrips phaseoli (brown to black). Slides of each species were prepared using three different methods: traditional (3 days), simplified (6 h) and fast method (10 min). The thrips on the resulting slides were observed under a microscope and important structures used in their identification were compared. The quality of the slides prepared using the traditional method was superior to those prepared using the other two methods if only the transparency and general position of the insects on the slides were considered. The transparency of the slides prepared using the simplified method was also good, but only for the pale coloured species (yellow and grey-brown). The fast method, on the other hand, was very efficient for routine identification since it resulted in slides of sufficient quality for identifying species regardless of their colour. It is important, however, to stress that the fast method is only suitable for preparing temporary slides for routine identification and is not a substitute for the traditional method of preparing permanent slides., Luís C.P. Silveira, Marcelo M. Haro., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
280. Feeding behaviour of young larvae of Pieris rapae crucivora (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and its effect on parasitism by Cotesia glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
- Creator:
- Nakayama, Aya, Nakamura, Keiji, and Tagawa, Jun
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- motýli, běláskovití, blanokřídlí, lumčíkovití, larvy, parazitismus, butterflies, Pieridae, Hymenoptera, Braconidae, larvas, parasitism, Lepidoptera, Pieris rapae crucivora, cabbageworm, Cotesia glomerata, attraction, avoidance, distance, escape, feeding mark, feeding site, host searching, move, parasitoid, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We investigated the effect of the feeding behaviour of young larvae of Pieris rapae crucivora Boisduval (Pieridae) on parasitism by the parasitoid wasp, Cotesia glomerata (L.) (Braconidae). Young, 1st-3rd instar larvae used approximately three sites for feeding each day. When not feeding, they moved a short distance away from the feeding sites (= feeding marks) and rested. For first, second and third instar larvae, the distances from the new mark, made within 24 h, to larva at rest were, respectively, about 3.5 mm, 5 mm and more than 10 mm. To resume feeding, they moved back to one of the former feeding sites or a new site. The percentage of the feeding marks older than 24 h that attracted parasitoids was less than 50%. Time spent searching for hosts by a parasitoid was short. Larvae placed 5 mm or more from a feeding mark were less parasitized than the larvae placed near a mark. The number of feeding marks affected parasitism. When comparing single-marked and triple-marked leaves, the percentage parasitism of the larvae on the latter was significantly lower than that of the larvae on the former. On triple-marked leaves, parasitoids visited each mark unevenly. Accordingly, the time spent searching each mark differed significantly among the marks. Because of this confusing effect, hosts are considered to be reducing the risk of parasitism. Our results demonstrate that the feeding habits of young larvae of P. rapae crucivora are adaptive in terms of reducing the risk of parasitism by C. glomerata., Aya Nakayama, Keiji Nakamura, Jun Tagawa., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public