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2152. Antibody-mediated rejection of renal allografts: diagnostic pitfalls and challenges
- Creator:
- Novotný, Marek, Kment, Martin, and Viklický, Ondřej
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- kidney transplantation, antibody-mediated rejection, donorspecific antibodies, Banff classification, and rejection diagnostics
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is a major obstacle to the long-term success in kidney transplantation. Diagnosis of ABMR is determined according to the internationally recognized Banff criteria. However, a significant proportion of patients does not meet all the defined criteria, and the outcome of such cases remains poorly understood. The histology of ABMR frequently lacks sensitivity and specificity. More importantly, mixed forms of ABMR and T cell-mediated rejection as well as findings of nonspecific injury are common in clinical settings. Donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA) are detectable only in half of the ABMR cases by histology. Prognostic role of non-HLA antibodies against various endothelial proteins has been discussed. Antibody independent NK cell activation reflecting killer-cells’ inhibitory receptor incompatibility is suggested in microvascular inflammation in DSA negative patients. Molecular assessment of ABMR has been prioritized to overcome high interobserver variability and improve diagnostics in mixed forms of rejections and in DSA negative cases. Finally, donor-derived cell-free DNA detected in a recipient’s peripheral blood sample has been proposed as a noninvasive marker for diagnosis of graft rejection, and thus might serve as a liquid biopsy in the near future. Despite all achievements, diagnosing ABMR in kidney allografts remains to be a challenge in a significant number of cases.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2153. Anticardiolipin Antibodies in Women with Unexplained Infertility
- Creator:
- Radojčić, L., Marjanović, S., Vićovac, L., and Kataranovski, M.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Infertility, Anticardiolipin antibodies, and Antithyroglobulin antibodies
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Concept of autoimmune basis of infertility is still controversial, particularly regarding the presence of non-organ specific autoantibodies. Non-organ specific anticardiolipin (aCL) and antithyroglobulin (TgAt) antibodies were detected in infertile women. Both partners were evaluated according to the criteria of The American Society for Reproductive Medicine. All the results were normal in cases of unexplained infertility. Antisperm antibodies (ASA) were determined by a mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) and the Kibrick agglutination assay, aCL by commercial ELISA, TgAt by commercial RIA. Fertile women had children. Subjects were grouped in fertile (n=27), infertile (n=65), and cases of unexplained infertility (n=42). In fertile women, aCL was below the negative cut-off value (100 %), while women with unexplained infertility were positive in 23.8 %. Anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies were detected in 21.5 % of infertile patients, most of them with unexplained infertility (15.4 %). Other positive women had partners with ASA (4.6 %), or exhibited a negative postcoital test (1.5 %). In this study aCL were not detected in women with ASA. TgAt incidence was increased in infertile (20 %) and unexplained infertility group (21.4 %) compared to the fertile controls (18.5 %). Increased incidence of aCL and TgAt in infertile women supports the contention that these autoantibodies contribute to the infertility.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2154. Anticlastogenic effect of S-2-(3-aminopropyIamino) ethylphosphorothioic acid against X-rays in mice
- Creator:
- Mazur, L.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- X-rays, WR-2721, mouse bone marrow, and in vivo micronucleus test
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The anticlastogenic effect of the aminothiol agent S-2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-2721) against X-rays was assessed by in vivo mouse micronuclcus assay. The frequency of micronuclei in the bone marrow of adult male Swiss mice treated with WR-2721, at a radioprotective dose of 200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg body weight, 15 or 30 min before exposure to a sublcthal dose of 6 Gy X-rays, was determined 24 h after X-irradiation. The protective effect of WR-2721 against X-ray- induced clastogenicity was shown in the erythropoietic system. WR-2721 administration prior to X-ray exposure was found to decrease the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes elevated by X-irradiation. The protection against the clastogenic activity of X-rays by WR-2721 was least evident when the thiol had been administered in the lower dose of 200 mg/kg body weight, 15 min before X-irradiation, and was most effective when giving WR-2721 in the higher dose, 400 mg/kg body weight, 30 min prior to exposure of mice to X-rays. Thus, the radioprotective effect of S-2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethylphosphorothioic acid against genotoxicity by X-rays appeared to depend on the dose given and the time intervals between WR-2721 administration and X-irradiation of mice. A novel clinical application of the drug could be in its use to protect against radiation-thcrapy-induccd genotoxic damage to normal cells.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2155. Anticonvulsant action of a new analogue of allopregnanolone in immature rats
- Creator:
- Pavel Mareš, Kubová, H., and Alexander Kasal
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, neuroactive steroids, ganaxolone, pentylenetetrazol, convulsions, developing rats, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Neuroactive steroids represent potential antiepileptic drugs. We tested a newly synthesized analogue of allopregnanolone 3α- hydroxy-21ξ,22-oxido-21-homo-5α-pregnan-20-on (HOHP) against two types of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures (100 mg/kg s.c.) in 12- and 25-day-old rats. Ganaxolone, a neuroactive steroid in clinical trials, served as a reference drug. Pretreatment with either steroid suppressed generalized tonicclonic seizures in both age groups, their efficacy was comparable. HOHP as well as ganaxolone were more active in 12- than in 25-day-old rats (effective doses were 40 and 60 mg/kg, respectively). Minimal clonic seizures, which can be elicited only in 25-day-old rats, were not influenced by any drug. Very short duration of anticonvulsant action of HPOP demonstrated in 12-day-old animals indicates that this drug might be used only in acute treatment in epileptology., P. Mareš, H. Kubová, A. Kasal., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2156. Anticonvulsant action of GABA-B receptor agonist SKF97541 differs from that of baclofen
- Creator:
- Pavel Mareš
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Experimentální medicína, fyziologie, spazmy, ontogeneze, potkan, physiology, spasms, ontogeny, Rattus norvegicus, GABA-B receptor, agonist, convulsions, 14, and 616-092
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- GABA-B receptor agonist SKF97541 exhibits age-dependent anticonvulsant and proconvulsant actions in developing rats. It suppressed tonic phase of generalized seizures induced by pentetrazol in 7-, 12- and 18-day-old rats and increased their latency in 7- and 12-day-old animals. Other results in 18-day-old animals are not so clear. SKF 97541 blocked the appearance of minimal clonic seizures, but tended to decrease latencies of both types of seizures. In addition, it significantly decreases latency of generalized seizures in adult rats. The mixed effects of SKF97541 are in agreement with those of baclofen but there are substantial differences between the actions of these two agonists in individual age groups., P. Mareš., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2157. Anticonvulsant effect of progabide in rats during ontogenesis
- Creator:
- Staňková, L., Kožuchová, A., and Mareš, P.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- motor seizures, rat, ontogenesis, progabide, and pentylenetetrazol
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The action of progabide against motor seizures elicited by pentylenetetrazol was studied in 7-, 12-, 18-, 25-day-old and adult rats. Progabide (dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide) was injected in doses from 12.5 to 150 mg/kg i.p. 30 min before pentylenetetrazol. Minimal seizures were not affected by solvent or progabide pretreatment. The action of progabide against major, i.e. generalized tonic-clonic seizures, changed with age: adult rats exhibited a tendency to suppression of whole major seizures, whereas specific suppression of the tonic phase was observed in rat pups during the first three weeks of life. The only effect seen in 25-day-old animals was prolongation of the latency of major seizures after the highest dose of progabide.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2158. Anticonvulsant effect of SL 75 102 in adult and immature rats
- Creator:
- Kubová, H., Haugvicová, R., and Mareš, P.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- rat, motor seizures, development, pentylenetetrazol, SL 75 102, and GABA receptor agonist
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The anticonvulsant action of SL 75 102, a metabolite of Progabide, was studied in a model of pentylenetetrazol- induced motor seizures in adult and 12-day-old rats. SL 75 102 suppressed generalized tonic-clonic seizures in adult rats and restricted the tonic phase of these seizures in rat pups. SL 75 102 was less effective than Progabide. In addition, some minor differences in anticonvulsant actions of these two drugs were observed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2159. Antidepressant drugs and heart electrical field
- Creator:
- Slavíček, J., Paclt, I., Hamplová, J., Kittnar, O., Trefný, Z., and Horáček, B. M.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- antidepressants, tricyclic, lithium, SSRI Citalopram, ECG body surface mapping, cardiac depolarization, and repolarization
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Some antidepressant drugs, especially tricyclic ones - (TCA), have cardiovascular side effects. To compare the effects of antidepressant drugs, the electrocardiogram (ECG), vectorcardiogram (VCG), and body surface maps (BSM) were recorded in psychiatric patients without cardiovascular diseases treated by a) TCA amitriptyline or dosulepin (daily dose 50-200 mg, 22 patients), b) lithium (serum level 0.66±0.08 meq/1, 21 patients), c) selective serotonine reuptake inhibitor citalopram (daily doses 20-60 mg, 30 patients), and in 23 control patients. In the TCA-treated patients, the heart rate was increased, QT and RR intervals shortened (p<0.01, antimuscarinic effect). This was not observed in lithium- and citalopram-treated patients. All antidepressants decreased the absolute maximum values of depolarization isointegral maps, lithium and TCA reduced the initial and citalopram the later phase of depolarization. Citalopram slightly diminished the amplitude of the R wave. The results confirm the antimuscarinic effects of TCA in therapeutic doses and specify the intraventricular effects of antidepressants.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2160. Antidiuretic activity of terlipressin (triglycyl-lysine vasopressin): Role of pressure natriuresis
- Creator:
- Machová, A.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- terlipressin, antidiuretic activity, and pressure natriuresis
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Terlipressin (triglycyl-lysine vasopressin TP), a "hormonogen" analogue, was introduced in gastroenterology for its low and protracted vasopressor action, reducing bleeding from gastrointestinal tract. Its antidiuretic activity, estimated originally in ethanol-anaesthetized rats (Sawyer’s method) was claimed to be equally low and protracted. We performed several series of antidiuretic tests on conscious rats (Burn’s method) with the following results. TP in low doses of 0.05-1.0 /<g/kg exhibited typical dose-dependent antidiuretic effect. In the dose of 0.2 /ig/kg, the dynamics of urine and sodium excretion did not differ from that after equivalent dose of lysine vasopressin and equipotent dose of DDAVP. The antidiuretic potency of TP (estimated by parallel line assay) was 175.0 U/rng. TP in doses of 5.0 and 20.0 /<g/kg exhibited limited diuresis and marked natriuresis. High osmolality and sodium content were present in all portions of excreted urine. The discrepancy between previous and our results concerning antidiuretic activity of TP and the role of pressure natriuresis for overall renal action of TP are discussed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public