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2532. Acts of the Privy Council of England.
- Creator:
- Lyle, J. V.
- Type:
- text, prameny, and edice
- Subject:
- Dějiny britských ostrovů, politika zahraniční, vztahy mezinárodní, Velká Británie, zahraniční politika, mezinárodní vztahy, and světové dějiny 1492-1648
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- unknown
2533. Actuality of J. A. Komensky's pedagogical ideas about the position of the person being educated in the educational proces /
- Creator:
- Lavrnja, Ilija,
- Type:
- text and studie
- Subject:
- Organizace výuky a vzdělávání, Komenský, Jan Amos,, komeniologie, pedagogika, přehledná zpracování světových dějin (chronologicky), přehledná zpracování dějin českých zemí (chronologicky), and školství, pedagogika, učitelé, péče o mládež
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- unknown
2534. Acute and chronic effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on postexercise intramuscular lipid metabolism in rats
- Creator:
- Chen, Min, Zhou, Lei, Chen, Siyu, Shangguan, Ruonan, Qu, Yaqian, and Sun, Jingquan
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- metabolismus lipidů, adaptace (biologie), lipid metabolism, adaptation (biology), high-intensity interval training, recovery, intramuscular triglyceride, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Recovery from exercise refers to the period between the end of a bout of exercise and the subsequent return to a resting or recovered state. It is a dynamic period in which many physiological changes occur. A large amount of research has evaluated the effect of training on intramuscular lipid metabolism. However, data are limited regarding intramuscular lipid metabolism during the recovery period. In this study, lipid metabolism-related proteins were examined after a single bout of exercise in a time-dependent way to explore the mechanism of how exercise induces intramuscular lipid metabolism adaptation. Firstly, all rats in the exercise group underwent a five-week training protocol (HIIT, five times/week), and then performed a more intense HIIT session after 72 h of the last-time five-week training. After that, rats were sampled in a time-dependent way, including 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h following the acute training session. Our results discovered that five weeks of HIIT increased the content of intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) and enhanced the lipolytic and lipogenesis-related proteins in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, IMTG content decreased immediately post HIIT and gradually increased to baseline levels 48 h postexercise, continuing to over-recover up to 96 h postexercise. Following acute exercise, lipolytic-related proteins showed an initial increase (6-12 h) before decreasing during recovery. Conversely, lipogenesis-related proteins decreased following exercise (6-12 h), then increased in the recovery period. Based on the changes, we speculate that skeletal muscle is predominated by lipid oxidative at the first 12 h postexercise. After this period, lipid synthesis-related proteins increased, which may be the result of body recovery. Together, these results may provide insight into how the lipid metabolism-related signaling changes after chronic and acute HIIT and how protein levels lipid metabolism correlates to IMTG recovery., Min Chen, Lei Zhou, Siyu Chen, Ruonan Shangguan, Yaqian Qu, Jingquan Sun., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2535. Acute and chronic effects of resistance exercise on the testosterone and cortisol responses in obese males: a systematic review
- Creator:
- O'Leary, C. B. and Hackney, A. C.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hormony, nadváha, hormones, overweight, strength training, endocrine, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The biosynthesis and metabolism of testosterone and cortisol are altered by the high levels of adipose tissue and the constant state of low-grade inflammation of obesity. Resistance exercise (REx) has become one of the main lifestyle interventions prescribed to obese individuals due to its ability to positively influence body composition and some biomarkers, such as cholesterol and insulin resistance. Yet, little research has been done in obese examining the effects of REx on the testosterone and blood cortisol responses, two integral hormones in both exercise and obesity. The obese testosterone response to REx and whether or not it is blunted compared to lean individuals remains elusive. Conflicting findings concerning the blood cortisol response have also been reported, likely due to variance in REx protocol and the level of obesity in the participants in studies. Comparatively, both of these hormones have been extremely well studied in untrained lean males, which could be used as a basis for future research in obese males. However, without this endocrinological information, it is unknown if the current acute REx prescriptions are appropriate for eliciting a favorable acute endocrinological response, and ultimately, a positive chronic adaptation in obese males., C. B. O'Leary, A: C. Hackney., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2536. Acute and chronic role of nitric oxide, renin-angiotensin system and sympathetic nervous system in the modulation of calcium sensitization in wistar rats
- Creator:
- Brunová, A., Bencze, M., Michal Behuliak, and Josef Zicha
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, krevní tlak, oxid dusnatý, sympatický nervový systém, blood pressure, nitric oxide, sympathetic nervous system, calcium sensitization, rho-kinase, renin-angiotensin system, prostanoids, fasudil, L-NAME, captopril, guanethidine, pentolinium, indomethacin, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Principal vasoactive systems - renin-angiotensin system (RAS), sympathetic nervous system (SNS), nitric oxide (NO) and prostanoids - exert their vascular effects through the changes in calcium levels and/or calcium sensitization. To estimate a possible modulation of calcium sensitization by the above vasoactive systems, we studied the influence of acute and chronic blockade of particular vasoactive systems on blood pressure (BP) changes elicited in conscious normotensive rats by acute dose-dependent administration of Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil. Adult male chronically cannulated Wistar rats were used throughout this study. The acute inhibition of NO synthase (NOS) by L-NAME enhanced BP response to fasudil, the effect being considerably augmented in rats deprived of endogenous SNS. The acute inhibition of prostanoid synthesis by indomethacin modified BP response to fasudil less than the acute NOS inhibition. The chronic NOS inhibition caused moderate BP elevation and a more pronounced augmentation of fasudilinduced BP changes compared to the effect of acute NOS inhibition. This indicates both short-term and long-term NOdependent attenuation of calcium sensitization. Long-term inhibition of RAS by captopril caused a significant attenuation of BP changes elicited by fasudil. In contrast, a long-term attenuation of SNS by chronic guanethidine treatment (in youth or adulthood) had no effect on BP response to fasudil, suggesting the absence of SNS does not affect calcium sensitization in vascular smooth muscle of normotensive rats. In conclusion, renin-angiotensin system contributes to the long-term increase of calcium sensitization and its effect is counterbalanced by nitric oxide which decreases calcium sensitization in Wistar rats., A. Brunová, M. Bencze, M. Behuliak, J. Zicha., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2537. Acute antiapoptotic effects of hydrocortisone in the hippocampus of neonatal rats
- Creator:
- Menshanov, P. N., Bannova, A. V., Bulygina, V. V., and Dygalo, N. N.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Apoptosis, Developing hippocampus, Hydrocortisone, Glucocorticoids, DNA fragmentation, Caspase-3, Bcl-XL, Bax, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Natural glucocorticoid hydrocortisone was suggested as a potent substitution for dexamethasone in the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in neonates. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hydrocortisone is able to affect the expression of apoptotic genes and the intensity of naturally occurring cell death in the developing rat hippocampus. Hormone treatment decreased procaspase-3 and active caspase-3 levels as well as DNA fragmentation intensity in the hippocampal formation of one-week-old rats in 6 h after injection. These changes were accompanied by an upregulation of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-XL, while expression of proapoptotic protein Bax remained unchanged. The action of hydrocortisone was glucocorticoid receptor-independent, as the selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone did not affect either apoptotic protein levels or DNA fragmentation intensity in the hippocampal region. The data are the first evidences for in vivo antiapoptotic effects of hydrocortisone in the developing hippocampus., P. N. Menshanov, ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2538. Acute appendicitis as a complication of varicella
- Creator:
- Pogorelić, Zenon, Biočić, Mihovil, Jurić, Ivo, Milunović, Klaudio Pjer, and Mrklić, Ivana
- Format:
- braille, text, and regular print
- Type:
- model:article, article, Text, kazuistiky, and TEXT
- Subject:
- lidé, dítě, mužské pohlaví, varicela--komplikace, akutní nemoc, klinický obraz nemoci, apendicitida--etiologie--patologie--virologie, apendektomie, výsledek terapie, histologie, apendix--patologie, and plané neštovice
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Introduction: Obstruction of the appendiceal lumen is the primary cause of appendicitis. The most common causes of luminal obstruction are fecaliths and lymphoid follicle hyperplasia. Additionally, bacterial infections or enteric and systemic viral diseases can cause a reaction of the lymphoid follicle. Case presentation: An 11-year-old boy with active phase of chickenpox presented on our Pediatric surgery emergency department under the impression of acute appendicitis. An appendectomy was performed on the same day. An inflamed and edematous retrocecal appendix was removed during surgery. Histological investigation of the appendix revealed transmural acute inflammation, with diffuse proliferation of inflammatory cells, with characteristic intranuclear inclusion surrounded by a clear halo. The PCR analysis of peripheral blood and appendix tissue specimen revealed positive VZV DNA. Conclusion: We have shown that varicella-zoster virus infection of the appendix is associated with acute appendicitis and possibly also with severity of the disease., Zenon Pogorelić, Mihovil Biočić, Ivo Jurić, Klaudio Pjer Milunović, Ivana Mrklić, and Literatura 11
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
2539. Acute but not chronic tempol treatment increases ischemic and reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias in open-chest rats
- Creator:
- Jan Neckář, Bohuslav Ošťádal, and František Kolář
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, fyziologie, ischemie, srdeční arytmie, myocardial infarction, physiology, ischemia, cardiac arrhythmia, ischemia/reperfusion, oxygen radicals, tempol, 2, and 577
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The effect of the chronic and acute antioxidant tempol (superoxide dismutase mimetic) treatment on cardiac ischemic tolerance was investigated in adult male Wistar rats. The first experimental group was given tempol (1 mM) in drinking water for three weeks, the second group received tempol (100 mg/kg, i.v.) 10 min before test ischemia, and control rats received the same volume of solvent. Anesthetized open-chest animals (pentobarbitone 60 mg/kg, i.p.) were subjected to 20-min coronary artery occlusion and 3-h reperfusion for infarct size determination. Ventricular arrhythmias were monitored during ischemia and at the beginning (5 min) of reperfusion. Acute tempol administration shifted the time profile of ischemic arrhythmias to the later phase and significantly increased the number of ischemic and reperfusion premature ventricular complexes, respectively (504±127 and 84±21) as compared with the chronically treated group (218±36 and 47±7) or controls (197±26 and 31±7). Acute tempol-treated rats exhibited a tendency to decrease infarct size (P = 0.087). The mechanism of proarrhythmic tempol action during ischemia and reperfusion remains to be elucidated., J. Neckář, B. Ošťádal, F. Kolář., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2540. Acute cadmium exposure causes systemic and thromboembolic events in mice
- Creator:
- Fahim, M.A., Nemmar, A., Dhanasekaran, S., Singh, S., Shafiullah, M., Yasin, J., Zia, S., and Hasan, M. Y.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, cadmium, thrombosis, liver, kidney, toxicology, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Cadmium (Cd), an environmental and industrial pollutant, poses a potential threat and affects many systems in human and animals. Although several reports on Cd toxicity were presented, the acute effect of Cd on systemic and thrombotic events was not reported so far. Cd (2.284 mg/kg) or saline (control) was injected intraperitoneally (ip), and the systemic parameters were assessed in mice. Compared to control group, acute intraperitoneal injection of Cd, in mice showed significant quickening of platelet aggregation (P<0.001) leading to pial cerebral thrombosis. Likewise, Cd exposure caused a significant increase in white blood cell numbers (P<0.05) indicating the occurrence of systemic inflammation. Also, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P<0.05) and creatinine (P<0.01) levels were both significantly increased. Interestingly, the superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in Cd treated group compared to control group (P<0.001), suggesting the occurrence of oxidative stress. We conclude that the Cd exposure in mice causes acute thromboembolic events, oxidative stress and alter liver and kidney functions., M.A. Fahim ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public