The presence of a spatial memory deficit in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is still a matter of discussion. Nineteen PD patients and 16 controls were given two spatial tests and a non-spatial task. First, the subject was led into a room containing 4 objects and had 10 s to memorize their location. After being led outside, the subject had to place icons representing the objects on a map of the room. Differences between the real and estimated locations were evaluated. Afterwards, the subject had to choose a map showing the correct arrangement of objects from 4 alternatives. Locations of some objects were changed before the second test. The subject had 10 s to detect these changes. One point was given for each change or its absence detected. In the non-spatial working memory task, 8 cards of different shapes were used. The subject had to select a different card each time while the cards were shuffled between choices. Errors consisted of selecting previously chosen cards. The means of the above measures for both groups were compared. Absence of any significant differences suggests that PD patients perform well in "real life" memory tests in contrast to similar computerized tests.
This book introduces the furidaniental concepts and tools involved in the design and implementation of object recognition systems. Divided into three parts, it first introduces the topic and covers the acquisition of images, then details of the 3-D object reconstruction, modeling and matching, and finally describes typical recognition systems using case studies. Key features include: Extensive literature surveys of state-of-the-art systems and FTP site from which readers can obtain MATLAB codes used to generate some of the results found in the text. Recognition will be essential reading for research scientists, advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in computer vision, image processing and pattern classification. It will also be of interest to practitioners working in the field of computer vision.
The concept of an extending ideal in a modular lattice is introduced. A translation of module-theoretical concept of ojectivity (i.e. generalized relative injectivity) in the context of the lattice of ideals of a modular lattice is introduced. In a modular lattice satisfying a certain condition, a characterization is given for direct summands of an extending ideal to be mutually ojective. We define exchangeable decomposition and internal exchange property of an ideal in a modular lattice. It is shown that a finite decomposition of an extending ideal is exchangeable if and only if its summands are mutually ojective.
V roce 1918 zaznamenal detektor Kamiokande v toku atmosférických neutrin neočekávaný deficit mionových neutrin. V té době se za možné vysvětlení považovaly neutrinové oscilace. Posléze, v roce 1998, při studiu atmosférických neutrin detektorem Super-Kamiokande byly neutrinové oscilace objeveny, což vedlo k závěru, že neutrina mají hmotnost. Cítím, že jsem měl mimořádné štěstí, protože jsem se tohoto vzrušujícího objevu od samého počátku účastnil. Objev nenulových hmotností neutrin otevřel okno ke studiu fyziky nad rámec standardního modelu fyziky elementárních částic, zejména fyziky na škále velmi vysokých energií, jakou je velké sjednocení interakcí elementárních částic. Současně však zbývá mnoho věcí, které je třeba pozorovat na samotných neutrinech. Další studium neutrin by nám mohlo poskytnout informace, které mají fundamentální význam pro naše porozumění přírodě, jako např. původ hmoty ve vesmíru., An unexpected muon neutrino deficit was observed in the atmospheric neutrino flux by Kamiokande in 1988. At that time neutrino oscillation was considered as a possible explanation for the data. Subsequently, in 1998, through the studies of atmospheric neutrinos, Super-Kamiokande discovered neutrino oscillations, establishing that neutrinos have mass. I feel that I have been extremely lucky, because I have been involved in the excitement of this discovery from its very beginning. The discovery of nonzero neutrino masses has opened a window to study physics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particle physics, notably physics at a very high energy scale such as the grand unification of elementary particle interactions. At the same time, there are still many things to be observed in neutrinos themselves. Further studies of neutrinos might give us information of fundamental importance for our understanding of nature, such as the origin of the matter in the Universe., Takaaki Kajita ; přeložil Ivan Gregora., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The paper deals with an experimental investigation of impacts of non-rotating spherical bodies on a flat, solid surface in water. The aim of the investigation was, using the PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry), method to analyze the velocity fields around the falling sphere which falls in an oblique direction. The experiments showed that the wake that forms behind the sphere is asymmetrical and that after the impact it continues its morion to the bottom, only along one side of the sphere, though. This non-symmetrical velocity field results in additional forces which push the sphere to the opposite direction than is the direction of the sphere motion just after the impact. and Obsahuje seznam literatury