The aircraft engine lubricating oil monitoring is essential in terms of the flight safety and also for reduction of the maintenance cost. The concentration of metal elements in the lubricating oil includes a large amount of information about the health condition of the aircraft engine. By monitoring the lubricating oil, maintenance engineers can judge the performance deterioration of the aircraft engine and can find the latent mechanical faults in the aircraft engine in advance. But it is difficult for traditional methods to predict the tendency of the mental elements concentration in the lubricating oil. In this paper, a time series prediction method based on process neural network (PNN) is proposed to solve this problem. The inputs and the connection weights of the PNN are time-varied functions. A corresponding learning algorithm is developed. To simplify the learning algorithm, a set of appropriate orthogonal basis functions are introduced to expand the input functions and the connection weight functions of the PNN. The effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by the Mackey-Glass time series prediction. Finally, the proposed method is utilized to predict the Fe concentration in the aircraft engine lubricating oil monitoring, and the test results indicate that the proposed model seems to perform well and appears suitable for using as a predictive maintenance tool.
Chronic airflow limitation, caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or by asthma, is believed to change the shape and the position of the diaphragm due to an increase in lung volume. We have made a comparison of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of diaphragm in supine position with pulmonary functions, respiratory muscle function and exercise tolerance. We have studied the differences between patients with COPD, patients with asthma, and healthy subjects. Most interestingly we found the lung hyperinflation leads to the changes in diaphragmatic excursions during the breathing cycle, seen in the differences between the maxim al expiratory diaphragm position (DPex) in patients with COPD and control group (p=0.0016) . The magnitude of the diaphragmatic dysfunction was significantly related to the airflow limitation expressed by the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to slow vital capacity (FEV 1 /SVC) , (%, p=0.0007); to the lung hyperinflation expressed as the ratio of the residual volume to total lung capacity (RV/TLC), (%, p=0.0018) and the extent of tidal volume constrain expressed as maximal tidal volume (V Tmax ), ([l], p=0 .0002); and the ratio of tidal volume to slow vital capacity (VT/SVC), (p=0.0038) during submaximal exercise. These results suggest that diaphragmatic movement fails to contribute sufficiently to the change in lung volume in emphysema. Tests of respiratory muscle function were related to the position of the diaphragm in deep expiration, e.g. neuromuscular coupling (P 0.1 /VT) (p=0.0232). The results have shown that the lung volumes determine the position of the diaphragm and function of the respiratory muscles. Chronic airflow limitation seems to change the position of the diaphragm, which thereafter influences inspiratory muscle function and exercise tolerance. There is an apparent relationship between the position of the diaphragm and the pulmonary functions and exercise tolerance., L. Hellebrandová, J. Chlumský, P. Vostatek, D. Novák, Z. Rýznarová, V. Bunc., and Obsahuje bibliografii
From the very first experiments performed with high intensity laser pulse interaction with matter it has been clear that laser produced plasma is a rich source of emitting high energetic particles and electromagnetic radiation in a broad spectral range. In this article a basic phenomenon of nonlinear processes of high intensity laser pulse interaction and related acceleration of particles in laser induced thermal plasma are outlined. possible applications of ultra-short mono-energetic electron beams (with divergence and small energy spread) which are generated during this interaction are also discussed., Už od vykonania prvých experimentov použitím intenzívneho laserového žiarenia s hmotou bolo zrejmé, že laserom indukovaná plazma je bohatým zdrojom vysokoenergetických častíc a elektromagnetického žiarenia v širokej škále spektrálnych oblastí. V článku je bližšie uvedená problematika nelineárnych javov počas vysokointenzívnych laserových interakcií a s tým súvisiacu aj akceleráciu častíc v laserom indukovanej termálnej plazme. Taktiež sú uvedené aj potencionálne možné aplikácie vysokoenergetických elektrónových zväzkov, které sú generované pri týchto interakciách a dosahujú rýchlosti blízke rýchlosti svetla., Richard Viskup, Peter Lukáč., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Kolobeh hmôt v zemskéj kôre a na jej povrchu je velmi výrazne ovplyvňovaný fyzikálnymi silami, ktoré na teleso planéty pôsobia zvonku - od účinku vektorov jej vlastného pohybu, cez gravitačné pôsobenie jej obežnice - Mesiaca a blízkych planét, až po fluktuácie prísunu energie z nám najbližšej hviezdy - Slnka. Rozoznanie záznamu týchto vplyvov v horninovom slede a porozumenie im je cestou vedúcou k spresneniu astronomickej časomernej škály a detailnejšiemu poznaniu procesov formovania Zeme a života na nej., Rock cycling both in the Earth‘s crust and on its surface is impressively controlled by physical forces that act on the body of our planet from the outside, i.e. from the effect of its own motion vectors, through the gravity of the Moon and nearby planets to fluctuations in the energy input from our nearest star, i.e. the Sun. The recognition of evidence of these influences in the rock sequence and their understanding is a method used to specify the astronomical time scale and to understand, in detail, processes of formation of the Earth and indeed life on it., Jozef Michalík., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Akromegalie patří mezi vzácná a závažná onemocnění, základem její léčby je kombinace terapie chirurgické, radiační a medikamentózní. V práci se popisuje případ akromegalie diagnostikované před 10 lety ve stadiu, v němž byla možná již jen parciální resekce hypofyzárního tumoru. Přesto se podařilo dosáhnout dlouhodobé stabilizace stavu kombinací opakovaného chirurgického zákroku, radioterapie lineárním urychlovačem i Leksellovým gama nožem a medikamentózní léčby somatostatinovým analogem oktreotidem a blokátorem receptorů pro růstový hormon pegvisomantem. Dávka oktreotidu i pegvisomantu byla opakovaně měněna podle výsledků vyšetření hladiny IGF1, v současnosti je podáváno somatostatinové analogon Sandostatin LAR 30 mg jednou za 3 týdny a blokátor receptorů pro růstový hormon Somavert 20 mg denně. Přes přítomnost závažné choroby nemocný již po 10 let vede spokojený život. Náklady na finančně náročnou léčbu jsou z etického hlediska plně odůvodněné., Acromegaly is a rare and serious disease. A successful and rational therapy of acromegaly ought to combine surgery, radiotherapy and pharmacotherapy. The submitted article presents a case of acromegaly that was only diagnosed at the stage when total pituitary adenoma removal was impossible. Even so, the long-term stabilisation of the disease was reached by way of repeated surgery through transfenoidal and transcranial approach, by linear accelerator radiation therapy and Leksell Gamma Knife radiotherapy and by pharmacotherapy with somatostatin analogon octreotide and growth hormone receptor antagonist pegvisomant. The octreotide and pegvisomant dosage has been repeatedly changed according to IGF1 levels. The contemporary somatostatin analogon Sandostatin LAR 30 mg is given once every 3 weeks and the growth hormone receptor antagonist Somavert 20 mg is applied daily. Despite this serious disease, the patient has already been living contentedly for 10 years. From the ethical point of view, the financials costingness of the therapy should be considered as reasonable., and Helena Šiprová, Miroslav Souček
Akromegalie je vzácné onemocnění způsobené autonomní nadprodukcí růstového hormonu, ve většině případů hypofyzárním adenomem. Neléčená akromegalie vede ke zvýšené morbiditě a mortalitě a také zhoršené kvalitě života pacientů. Pro prognózu pacientů je proto nezbytné včasné stanovení diagnózy a časná léčba a péče o pacienty s akromegalií by měla být koncentrována do specializovaných center. Článek shrnuje současný pohled na diagnostiku a léčbu akromegalie., Acromegaly is a rare disorder caused by autonomous oversecretion of growth hormone mostly by pituitary adenoma. Untreated acromegaly leads to significantly increased morbidity and mortality and impaired quality of life. Early diagnosis and treatment is therefore essential for improvement of patients’ prognosis and management of acromegaly should be concentrated in specialized centres. Present article summarizes current view on diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly., and Michal Kršek