Let X be a connected closed manifold and f a self-map on X. We say that f is almost quasi-unipotent if every eigenvalue λ of the map f∗k (the induced map on the k-th homology group of X) which is neither a root of unity, nor a zero, satisfies that the sum of the multiplicities of λ as eigenvalue of all the maps f∗k with k odd is equal to the sum of the multiplicities of λ as eigenvalue of all the maps f∗k with k even. We prove that if f is C 1 having finitely many periodic points all of them hyperbolic, then f is almost quasi-unipotent.
Obfuscation is a process that changes the code, but without any change to semantics. This process can be done on two levels. On the binary code level, where the instructions or control flow are modified, or on the source code level, where we can change only a structure of code to make it harder to read or we can make adjustments to reduce chance of successful reverse engineering.
A Banach space $X$ has Pełczyński's property (V) if for every Banach space $Y$ every unconditionally converging operator $T\colon X\to Y$ is weakly compact. H. Pfitzner proved that $C^*$-algebras have Pełczyński's property (V). In the preprint (Krulišová, (2015)) the author explores possible quantifications of the property (V) and shows that $C(K)$ spaces for a compact Hausdorff space $K$ enjoy a quantitative version of the property (V). In this paper we generalize this result by quantifying Pfitzner's theorem. Moreover, we prove that in dual Banach spaces a quantitative version of the property (V) implies a quantitative version of the Grothendieck property., Hana Krulišová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The karyotype, C-banding, and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) of six specimens of Hemiechinus auritus from Turkey were examined. The diploid number of chromosomes was 2n = 48, the fundamental number of chromosome arms FN = 96, and the number of autosomal arms FNa = 92. Most of the chromosomes possessed centromeric constitutive heterochromatin, except of the pairs nos. 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, and 17. The X and Y chromosomes appeared to be euchromatic, and possible geographic variation in their morphology was indicated in comparison with previously published data. The NORs were located in the terminal regions of the long arms of four metacentric or submetacentric chromosomes. The localization of the NORs was not associated with C-positive autosomal regions as in hedgehogs of the genus Erinaceus.
Different cytogenetic techniques including C-banding, base-specific fluorochromes and silver nitrate staining were used to compare the karyotypes of three species of bugs, representatives of the Neotropical genus Antiteuchus, namely A. mixtus, A. sepulcralis and A. macraspis. The species have holokinetic chromosomes which is typical of the Hemiptera, and their diploid chromosome number is 2n = 14 and they have an XX/XY (female/male) sex chromosome system. C-banding revealed telomeric blocks of constitutive heterochromatin in most chromosomes of these three species. In each species, CMA3-positive blocks were observed in the telomeric heterochromatin region of chromosome pair 1. This chromosome pair carried the nucleolar organizer region (NOR), which silver nitrate staining revealed is located in the telomeric heterochromatin. In contrast to the result obtained with CMA3, entire chromosome complement stained homogenously with DAPI, except for the telomeric region of pair 1, which remained unstained.
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) results in high mortality and has gained increasing attention. C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) has been identified as a potential therapeutic inhibitor for NSCLC, but its underlying mechanism remains obscure. The gene expression of the long noncoding RNA neighbour of BRCAI RNA 2 (NBR2) in NSCLC cells was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. The cell capacity for proliferation and migration was examined by EdU and wound-healing assays. Furthermore, the viability and apoptosis of cells was measured with CCK-8 and annexin V/PI, respectively. Next, the protein level of activation of adenosine monophosphate- activated protein kinase and the rapamycin kinase (mTOR) signalling pathway-associated molecules was evaluated by western blotting. H292 cells were pre-treated with C-PC or transfected with plasmids encoding NBR2 or the shNBR2 plasmid, to over-express or knock down NBR2 expression, respectively. NBR2 expression was robustly down-regulated in NSCLC cell lines compared with a normal cell line (BEAS-2B). NBR2 over-expression inhibited migration and promoted apoptosis of H292 cells. Treatment of H292 cells with C-PC enhanced NBR2 levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Downregulation of NBR2 in H292 cells inhibited the activity of C-PC on cell proliferation, viability and clone formation. Further mechanistic investigation showed that the down-regulation of NBR2 abolished the modulatory effects of C-PC on the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. In conclusion, C-PC inhibits H292 cell growth by enhancing the NBR2/AMPK signalling pathway.
A single random oligonucleotide 3H primer has been previously applied in random-amplfied-polymorphic-DNA (RAPD)-PCR to distinguish stocked bacteria E. coli within a cocktail mixture also containing Enterococcus faecalis, Bifidobacterium longum and Ruminococcus gnavus. In this study, we demonstrate that a 702 base pair (bp) gene fragment can be amplified as a unique pattern by RAPD-PCR using a 3H primer in human faeces containing E. coli. This unique 702 bp amplicon contained a 687 bp gene fragment identified as the C-terminal region of the glutamate-ammonia-ligase adenyltransferase (glnE) gene of E. coli. By high-resolution melt (HRM) analysis, a mean melt-curve temperature of this 702 bp amplicon was determined to be approximately 88.1 ± 0.22 degrees Celsius (°C). A combination of RAPD with HRM in one single reaction based on this amplicon can achieve
semi-quantitative detection of up to 102 CFU/ml of E. coli. To increase the signal intensity of HRM, a primer pair capable of screening E. coli directly from fresh human faeces was re-designed from the 687 bp gene segment, giving a mean peak melt-curve temperature at 88.35 ± 0.11 °C. Finally, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of this 687 bp gene segment were analysed for pathogenic E. coli strains, including UMN026, O83:H1, O104:H4, O157:H7 and O169:H41. We conclude that this 687 bp segment of the glnE gene has a high potential for screening of human faecal E. coli, including pathogenic strains, in contaminated food and water. and Corresponding author: Ko-Tung Chang