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3892. Castra Terrae Culmensis - the Results of New Studies of Castles in Chełmno Land (Starogród and Unisław) /
- Creator:
- Wasik, Bogusz
- Type:
- text and studie
- Subject:
- Architektura, hrady, řád, němečtí rytíři, architektura hradů, archeologie, výzkumy, Polsko, světové dějiny středověku (do r. 1492), hrady, hradiště, zámky, tvrze, dvory, and architektura, architekti
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Castra Terrae Culmensis - výsledky nových průzkumů hradů Chlumenska (Starogród a Unisław).
- Rights:
- unknown
3893. Castrensis Satane servit: Castles as a Factor of Social Change in Bohemian Narrative Sources as the Turn of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries /
- Creator:
- Pauk, Marcin Rafał,
- Type:
- text and studie
- Subject:
- Dějiny Česka a Slovenska, hrady, vztahy společenské, kroniky, prameny vyprávěcí, české země 1197-1306, hrady, hradiště, zámky, tvrze, dvory, and dějepisectví, historické vědy, historici
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- unknown
3894. Catalogue of alien plants of the Czech Republic
- Creator:
- Pyšek, Petr, Sádlo, Jiří, and Mandák, Bohumil
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- alien flora, complete list of taxa, immigration status, casual, naturalized, invasive, time of immigration, abundance, mode of introduction, habitat type, hybridization, life history, life form, life strategy, taxonomy, species characteristics, and Czech Republic
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Alien flora of the Czech Republic is presented. In Appendix 1, 1378 alien taxa (33.4% of the total flora) are listed with information on the taxonomic position, origin, invasive status (casual, naturalized, invasive; a new category post-invasive is introduced), time of immigration (archaeophytes vs. neophytes), habitat type invaded (natural, seminatural, human-made), vegetation invaded (expressed as occurence in phytosociological alliances), mode of introduction into the country (accidental, deliberate), and date of the first record. Number of phytogeographical as well as biological and ecological attributes were compiled for each species in the database; its structure is presented in Appendix 2 as a suggestion for similar work elsewhere. Czech alien flora consists of 24.1% of taxa which arrived before 1500 (archaeophytes) and 75.9% neophytes. There are 891 casuals, 397 naturalized and 90 invasive species. Of introduced neophytes, 21.9% became naturalized, and 6.6% invasive. Hybrids contribute with 13.3% to the total number of aliens, and the hybridization is more frequent in archaeophytes (18.7%) than in neophytes (11.7%). If the 184 hybrids are excluded from the total number of aliens, there are 270 archaeophytes and 924 neophytes in the Czech flora, i.e. total of 1195 taxa. Accidental arrivals account for 53.4% of all taxa and deliberate introduction for 46.6%; the ratio is reversed for neophytes considered separately (45.5 vs. 54.5%). Majority of aliens (62.8%) are confined to human- made habitats, 11.0% were recorded exclusively in natural or seminatural habitats, and 26.2% occur in both types of habitat. Archaeophytes and neophytes occur in 66 and 83 alliances, respectively, of the phytosociological system. Flora is further analysed with respect to origin, life histories, life forms and strategies. Only 310 species (22.4% of the total number of all alien taxa) are common or locally abundant; others are rare, based on a single locality or no longer present. The following 19 taxa are reported as new for the Czech alien flora: Agrostis scabra, Alhagi pseudalhagi, Allium atropurpureum, Bromus hordeaceus subsp. pseudothominii, Carduus tenuiflorus, Centaurea ×gerstlaueri, Centaurea nigra ×phrygia, Cerastium ×maureri, Gilia capitata, Helianthus strumosus, Hieracium pannosum, Hordeum leporinum, Oenothera coronifera, Papaver atlanticum subsp. mesatlanticum, Parietaria pennsylvanica, Polypogon fugax, Rodgersia aesculifolia, Sedum pallidum var. bithynicum, Sedum stoloniferum; these represent results of our own field research as well as of herbaria search, and unpublished data from colleagues. Other 44 taxa are reported as escaping from cultivation for the first time. Twenty two archaeophytes are listed in the Red List of the Czech flora.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
3895. Catalogue of alien plants of the Czech Republic (2nd edition): checklist update, taxonomic diversity and invasion patterns
- Creator:
- Pyšek, Petr, Danihelka, Jiří, Sádlo, Jiří, Chrtek Jr., Jindřich, Chytrý, Milan, Jarošík, Vojtěch, Kaplan, Zdeněk, Krahulec, František, Moravcová, Lenka, and Pergl, Jan
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- abundance, alien flora, checklist, casual, cover in plant communities, Czech Republic, exotic species, geographic origin, habitat niche, hybridization, impact, introduction-naturalization-invasion continuum, ivasive plants, life history, naturalized, non-native species, residence time, and taxonomy
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A complete list of all alien taxa ever recorded in the flora of the Czech Republic is presented as an update of the original checklist published in 2002. New data accumulated in the last decade are incorporated and the listing and status of some taxa are reassessed based on improved knowledge. Alien flora of the Czech Republic consists of 1454 taxa listed with information on their taxonomic position, life history, geographic origin (or mode of origin, distinguishing anecophyte and hybrid), invasive status (casual; naturalized but not invasive; invasive), residence time status (archaeophyte vs neophyte), mode of introduction into the country (accidental, deliberate), and date of the first record. Additional information on species performance that was not part of the previous catalogue, i.e. on the width of species’ habitat niches, their dominance in invaded communities, and impact, is provided. The Czech alien flora consists of 350 (24.1%) archaeophytes and 1104 (75.9%) neophytes. The increase in the total number of taxa compared to the previous catalogue (1378) is due to addition of 151 taxa and removal of 75 (39 archaeophytes and 36 neophytes), important part of the latter being the reclassification of 41 taxa as native, mostly based on archaeobotanical evidence. The additions represent taxa newly recorded since 2002 and reported in the national literature; taxa resulting from investigation of sources omitted while preparing the previous catalogue; redetermination of previously reported taxa; reassessment of some taxa traditionally considered native for which the evidence suggests the opposite; and inclusion of intraspecific taxa previously not recognized in the flora. There are 44 taxa on the list that are reported in the present study for the first time as aliens introduced to the Czech Republic or escaped from cultivation: Abies concolor, A. grandis, A. nordmanniana, Avena sterilis subsp. ludoviciana, A. ×vilis, Berberis julianae, B. thunbergii, Bidens ferulifolius, Buddleja alternifolia, Buglossoides incrassata subsp. splitgerberi, Buxus sempervirens, Corispermum declinatum, Cotoneaster dielsianus, C. divaricatus, Euphorbia myrsinites, Gleditsia triacanthos, Helleborus orientalis, Hieracium heldreichii, Koelreuteria paniculata, Lonicera periclymenum, Lotus ornithopodioides, Malus baccata, M. pumila, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Morus alba, Muscari armeniacum, Paeonia lactiflora, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Pinguicula crystallina subsp. hirtiflora, P. grandiflora subsp. rosea, Podophyllum hexandrum, Pyracantha coccinea, Rhodotypos scandens, Rumex patientia × R. tianschanicus ‘Uteuša’, Salix cordata, Sarracenia purpurea, Sasa palmata ‘Nebulosa’, Scolymus maculatus, Spiraea japonica, Tagetes tenuifolia, Thuja occidentalis, Trifolium badium, Vaccinium corymbosum and Viburnum rhytidophyllum. All added and deleted taxa are commented on. Of the total number of taxa, 985 are classified as casuals, 408 as naturalized but not invasive, and 61 as invasive. The reduction in the number of invasive taxa compared to the previous catalogue is due to a more conservative approach adopted here; only taxa that currently spread are considered invasive. Casual taxa are strongly overrepresented among neophytes compared to archaeophytes (76.7% vs 39.4%), while naturalized but non-invasive taxa follow the reversed pattern (18.8% vs 57.4). However, these two groups do not significantly differ in the proportion of invasive taxa. Of introduced neophytes, 250 taxa (22.6%) are considered vanished, i.e. no longer present in the flora, while 23.3% became naturalized, and 4.5% invasive. In addition to the traditional classification based on introduction–naturalization–invasion continuum, taxa were classified into 18 population groups based on their long-term trends in metapopulation dynamics in the country, current state of their populations, and link to the propagule pressure from cultivation. Mapping these population groups onto the unified framework for biological invasions introduced by Blackburn et al. in 2011 made it possible to quantify invasion failures, and boom-and-busts, in the Czech alien flora. Depending on inclusion criteria (whether or not extinct/vanished taxa and hybrids are considered), alien taxa ever recorded in the Czech Republic contribute 29.7–33.1% to the total country’s plant diversity; taking into account only naturalized taxa, a permanent element of the country’s flora, the figure is 14.4–17.5%. Analysis of the dates of the first record, known for 771 neophytes, indicates that alien taxa in the flora have been increasing at a steady pace without any distinct deceleration trend; by extrapolating this data to all 1104 neophytes recorded it is predicted that the projected number would reach 1264 in 2050. Deliberate introduction was involved in 747 cases (51.4%), the remaining 48.6% of taxa are assumed to have arrived by unintentional pathways. Archaeophytes are more abundant in landscapes, occupy on average a wider range of habitat types than neophytes, but reach a lower cover in plant communities. The alien flora is further analysed with respect to representation of genera and families, origin and life history. and Nevejdou se dvě poslední jména autorů
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3896. Catalogue of Arabic Manuscripts of the National Library of the Czech Republic
- Creator:
- Knoll, Adolf,
- Type:
- text and katalogy
- Subject:
- Rukopisy, prvotisky, staré tisky. Vzácná a pozoruhodná díla, rukopisy arabské, fondy knihovní, and rukopisy
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Název z disku, Verze souběžně v češtině a angličtině, Možnost výběru verze v prohlížeči HTML a v prohlížeči ManuFreT, Copyright Československá obchodní banka (sponzor), Albertina icome Praha (software), Dar Ibn Rushd (koedice), and 200 arabských rukopisů převážně z 13. - 17. století, které jsou ve sbírce Národní knihovny ČR. Rukopisy jsou z různých oborů, jako logika, matematika, náboženství, filozofie, politika, právo, hvězdářství, lékařství,přírodní vědy a literatura. Úplný katalog sbírky je doplněn ilustrativními ukázkami
- Rights:
- unknown
3897. Catalytic nitric oxide synthase activity in the white and gray matter regions of the spinal cord of rabbits
- Creator:
- Naděžda Lukáčová and Jaroslav Pavel
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, mícha, králíci, spinal cord, rabbits, cNOS activity, spinal cord segments, white and gray matter regions, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The latest research reveals that nitric oxide as a gas messenger may diffuse into the surrounding extracellular fluid and act locally upon neighboring target cells. However, several observations raise the possibility that nitric oxide may also be released at a greater distance from the neuronal cell body. The catalytic nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) activity was therefore studied in the cervicothoracic and lumbosacral segments of the spinal cord of rabbits, including the white matter of dorsal columns (DC), lateral columns (LC) and ventral columns (VC), as well as the gray matter of dorsal horns (DH), intermediate zone (IZ) and ventral horns (VH). Lower cNOS activity was found in the white matter of both cervicothoracic (47 %) and lumbosacral (30 %) regions, whereas that detected in the gray matter of the lumbosacral part of the spinal cord was considerably higher (70 %). Enzyme activity varied from 43.4 to 77.2 dpm/µg protein in the cervicothoracic segments of the gray matter in the descending order: DH>VH>IZ. Similar cNOS activity was found in the white matter of the cervicothoracic segments (42.1-62.8 dpm/µg protein). When the activity of cNOS was compared in the lumbosacral segments, the highest enzyme activity was found in DH of the gray matter (198.7 dpm/µg protein) and the lowest cNOS in DC (45.8 dpm/µg protein) of the white matter. It was concluded that the white matter of the spinal cord contains similar cNOS activity in comparison to the gray matter., N. Lukáčová, J. Pavel., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3898. Catecholamine levels and activity of monoamine oxidase in some hypothalamic structures and in the pineal gland of sheep after administration of FSH
- Creator:
- Pástorová, B. and Várady, J.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- catecholamines, monoamine oxidase, FSH superovulation, hypothalamus, pineal gland, and sheep
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The influence of hormonal preparations of FSH in a dose of 24 mg (480 IU) on levels of catecholamine (dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine) and the activity of their degradation enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the hypothalamic regions regulating the reproductive system of sheep (area preoptica, eminentia mediana, corpus mamillare) and pineal gland were investigated in the ocstrous period employing radiochemical methods. The administration of FSH resulted in significant (p<0.001) increases of dopamine levels in the area preoptica and corpus mamillare of the hypothalamus of sheep as compared to control groups with synchronized oestrus. Hormonal stimulation with FSH increased the levels of hypothalamic norepinephrine in the areas studied and these differences were significant in the eminentia mediana (p<0.05) and corpus mamillare (p<0.05). Significant (p<0.001) changes in epinephrine levels were found in the corpus mamillare and area preoptica (p<0.05). Our results indicate that the administration of FSH caused the most pronounced decrease of MAO activity in corpus mamillare (p<0.001). The pineal gland reacted to the hormonal preparation by decreased levels of norepinephrine and dopamine (p<0.001) and by an increase in MAO activity (p<0.01). We suggest that FSH administration affects catecholamine levels and the activity of monoamine oxidase in the studied areas of the brain of sheep by means of a feedback mechanism.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3899. Catenotaenia henttoneni sp. n. (Cestoda: Catenotaeniidae), a parasite of voles Clethrionomys glareolus and C. rutilus (Rodentia)
- Creator:
- Haukisalmi, V. and Tenora, F.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Catenotaenia henttoneni, Cesloda, Clethrionomys, and voles
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A description of a new tapeworm species, Catenotaenia henttoneni, parasitizing the voles Clethrionomys glareolus and C. rutilus (Arvicolidac) in Finnish Lapland, is given. Wc show that all Catenotaenia from arvicolid rodents in Europe, usually described as C. cricetorum Kirschenblat, 1949, evidently represent the species C. henttoneni.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3900. Cathelicidin LL-37 improves bone metabolic balance in rats with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
- Creator:
- Liang, Jianwei, Chen, Jianjun, Ye, Zhan, and Bao, Dandan
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- LL-37, osteoporosis, bone metabolism, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and impaired bone microarchitecture due to the abnormal activity of osteoclasts. Cathelicidins are antimicrobial peptides present in the lysosomes of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. LL-37, a cathelicidin, induces various biological effects, including modulation of the immune system, angiogenesis, wound healing, cancer growth, as well as inflammation, and bone loss. A previous study reported direct involvement of LL-37 suppressing osteoclastogenesis in humans. Here, we examined the role of LL-37 in the treatment of osteoporosis using an ovariectomy (OVX) rat model. Our results showed that LL-37 significantly reduced bone loss and pathological injury in OVX rats with osteoporosis. Furthermore, we found that LL-37 significantly increased the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in OVX rats with osteoporosis, including the increased expression of β-catenin, Osterix (Osx), and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), whereas XAV-939, an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, significantly blocked the effects of LL-37 on bone loss and abnormal bone metabolism. Altogether, our findings suggested that LL-37 exerted a protective role in regulating bone loss and abnormal bone metabolism in rats with osteoporosis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public