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4592. Characterization of n-vertex graphs with metric dimension n - 3
- Creator:
- Jannesari, Mohsen and Omoomi, Behnaz
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- resolving set, basis, and metric dimension
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- For an ordered set W = {w1, w2, . . . , wk} of vertices and a vertex v in a connected graph G, the ordered k-vector r(v|W) := (d(v, w1), d(v, w2), . . . , d(v, wk)) is called the metric representation of v with respect to W, where d(x, y) is the distance between vertices x and y. A set W is called a resolving set for G if distinct vertices of G have distinct representations with respect to W. The minimum cardinality of a resolving set for G is its metric dimension. In this paper, we characterize all graphs of order n with metric dimension n - 3.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4593. Characterization of neuromuscular transmission in mice with progressive motoneuronopathy
- Creator:
- Kretschmannová, K. and Zemková, H.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Diaphragm muscle, Motoneuron disease, Resting membrane potentials, Miniature endplate potentials, and endplate potentials
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Progressive motoneuronopathy (PMN) is an autosomal recessive mouse disease, which is characterized by the development of hind limbs paralysis rapidly progressing to the anterior parts of the body, muscular atrophy, respiratory depression, and death at 6-7 postnatal weeks. Here, we recorded the resting membrane potential (RMP), spontaneous miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs), and quantum content of endplate potentials (EPP) at the diaphragm muscle fibers in controls and PMN mice aged 18 to 43 days. In control animals, there ws a progressive increase in RMP, MEEP frequency and EPP quantum content, as well as a decrease in mean MEPP amplitude. In PMN mice, the developmental increase in frequency and decrease in the amplitude of MEPPs was practically stopped at the postnatal day 18, whereas RMP increased but only until the age of 31 days and then progressively decreased. The distribution histogram of RMP in PMN mice older than 35 days revealed the existence of two subpopulations of muscle fibers: one showing a denervation-like decrease in RMP and the second, which was matching controls. In addition, EPP quantum content was significantly attenuated in older PMN animals. These results indicate that neurotransmission is severely affected in advanced, but not in early stage of disease, which is apparently due to a partial denervation of the muscles.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4594. Characterization of neuronal apoptosis in the ventral ganglia of postembryonic silkworms Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)
- Creator:
- Song, Hwa Young, Choi, Chang Ok, Kim, Mi Young, Kim, Bo Yong, Yoon, Tae Joong, Song, Dae Yong , Park, Jucg Cheol, Kang, Pil Don, Lee, Sang Ho, Bae, Yeon Jae, and Lee, Bong Hee
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Neuronal apoptosis, fluorescent triple staining, ventral ganglia, Lepidoptera, Bombycidae, silkworm, and 20E
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A fluorescent triple staining method was developed to stain the cytoplasm of neurons red, the nuclei of all kinds of cells, including neurons, blue and the nuclei of apoptotic neurons in cyan in the twelve ventral ganglia (VG) of the Bombyx mori ventral nerve cord. This differential staining method was used to distinguish between apoptotic and normal neurons in the suboesophageal ganglion (SOG), thoracic ganglia (TG)1 to TG3 and abdominal ganglia (AG)1 to AG8 and also determine the changes in the numbers of apoptotic neurons that occur during postembryonic development. In most of the VG tested, neuronal apoptosis was most marked during the period from the end of larval life to the mid pupal stage. The greatest number of apoptotic neurons was found in SOG of day-5 pupae, TG1 to TG3 and AG1 to AG4 of day-1 pupae, and AG5 to AG8 of day-4 pupae. In vivo injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) into day-8 5th instar larvae resulted in both a considerable increase in the number of apoptotic neurons and cleavage of procaspase-3 into caspase-3, which induced neuronal apoptosis in SOG and AG6 to AG8 in day-1 pupae, and a slight increase in the number of apoptotic neurons in TG1. In TG3 and AG4, however, it had little effect on the number of apoptotic neurons or cleavage of procaspase-3. Treatment of the VG of both day-8 5th instar larvae and day-2 pupae with protein synthesis inhibitors by in vivo injection triggered a significant inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and procaspase-3 cleavage in most of these ganglia in day-1 pupae and day-4 pupae, but not TG3 and AG4, in which there was little procaspase-3 and caspase-3. In vivo injection of caspase-8 and -3 inhibitors into day-8 5th instar larvae and day-2 pupae led to a substantial inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and of procaspase-3 cleavage in SOG, AG6 and TAG, but not in TG3 or AG4 of day-1 pupae and day-4 pupae. These findings suggest that neurons that die in SOG, TG1 and AG6 to AG8 in day-1 and -4 pupae may undergo apoptosis induced by the synthesis of a new protein and caspase-8- and -3-implicated signal transduction by the increase in titre of 20E in the haemolymph but not the neuronal aopotosis in TG3 and AG4. This study provides neurobiologists with valuable information and a means of studying neuronal apoptosis in the nervous system of insects.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4595. Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the neotropical plant-ant Allomerus decemarticulatus (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) and multiplexing with other microsatellites from the ant subfamily Myrmicinae
- Creator:
- Malé, Pierre-Jean , Loiseau, Anne, Estoup, Arnaud, Quilichini, Angélique, and Orivel, Jérôme
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae, Allomerus, ant-plant mutualism, microsatellites, and plant-ant
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Five polymorphic microsatellite loci of the arboreal ant Allomerus decemarticulatus (Myrmicinae) were isolated and characterized. The amplification and polymorphism of seven additional microsatellite loci, previously developed for the ant species A. octoarticulatus and Wasmannia auropunctata, were also tested and the amplification conditions necessary for genotyping the complete set of 12 multiplexed markers in A. decemarticulatus determined. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to 15 and observed heterozygosity varied from 0.09 to 0.95. Cross-species amplification of these loci was also successfully achieved in additional species of the same ant subfamily, Myrmicinae. This set of microsatellite markers will be used in studies on the mating system and population genetic structure of Myrmicinae in general and A. decemarticulatus in particular.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4596. Characterization of portuguese diatomites in order to assess potential applications
- Creator:
- Costa, Cristiana, Velosa, Ana, Cerqueira, Angela, Caetano, Paulo, and Rocha, Fernando
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- geodynamika, geomechanika, geofyzika, geologie, geodynamics, geomechanics, geophysics, geology, diatomit, charakterizace, užití, diatomite, characterization, beneficiation, applications, 7, and 551
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Diatomite is a siliceous sedimentary rock, and it can be used in many industrial applications due to its high porosity, low density porous and permeable structure, chemical resistance, high purity, high specific surface area, absorptive capacity and to its absorbent properties. The best known Portuguese occurrences of diatomite are located in the regions of Óbidos and Rio Maior. The purpose of this research is to characterize the Rio Maior and Amieira diatomite and beneficiate this rock to be used in some potential applications locally or not. The studied diatomites present a fine texture; chemically the samples have a high SiO2 content, the principal minerlas are quartz and amorphous opal. The studied diatomites benefited with temperature and addition of NaCl (acting as accelerator of the crystallization process), with 5 % of NaCl being reduced the transformation temperature of the amorphous opal in opal C / CT at about 200 ºC. The diatomites from Rio Maior and Amieira in natural state has an enormous potential as absorbent, of heavy metals (e.g. in soil contamination) or dyes (textile industry). These diatomites after beneficiation can be used in construction materials (as additive), being more reactive and crystalline than in the natural state, diatomites can be promoters of mechanical resistance in mortars and geopolymers. and Costa Cristiana, Velosa Ana, Cerqueira Angela, Caetano Paulo, Rocha Fernando.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4597. Characterization of semientire graphs with crossing number 2
- Creator:
- Akka, D. G. and Bano, J. K.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- semientire graph, vertex-semientire graph, edge-semientire graph, crossing number, forbidden subgraph, and homeomorphic graphs
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The purpose of this paper is to give characterizations of graphs whose vertex-semientire graphs and edge-semientire graphs have crossing number 2. In addition, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of forbidden subgraphs for vertex-semientire graphs and edge-semientire graphs to have crossing number 2.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4598. Characterization of surface acidity and catalytic ability of natural clay minerals by means of test catalytic reaction
- Creator:
- Novikova, Lyudmila, Belchinskaya, Larisa, Roessner, Frank, and Alsawalha, Murad
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, jílové minerály, clay minerals, test catalytic reaction, methylbutynol conversion, surface acidity, 7, and 551
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Catalytic test reaction of methylbutynol (MBOH) conversion was applied to investigation of natural clays and non-clay minerals from Jordanian (bentonite, kaolinite, diatomite, zeolit e) and Russian (palygorskite, kaolinite, hydromica) deposits as well as H-ZSM-5. Palygorskite and kaolinite containing samples have shown the highest catalytic activity. Conversionove r Jordanian clay minerals decreased in the order: zeolite > bentonite > red kaolinite > white kaolinite > diatomite that agreed to change of acidity, surface area of samples. Sufficient deactivation was observed for H-ZSM-5, kaolinite and hydromica due to adsorption of secondary product in micropores of raw minerals. Products of both acidic and basic pathways of test reaction were formed indicating the presence of acid and basic sites on clays surface, apart from acidic catalyst H-ZSM-5. Theyield ratio of acidic to basic products was above the unity for zeolite, bentonite, red kaolinite, and palygorskite; equal to unity for diatomite and hydromica, and less then unity for white kaolinite. It was observed for kaolinite containing sample that high activation temperature increased conversion of MBOH owing to fo rmation of additional basic sites as a result of mineral dehydroxylation. Rise of montmorillonite content from 30 to 80 % provided 91-97 % of MBOH conversion., Lyudmila Novikova, Larisa Belchinskaya, Frank Roessner and Murad Alsawalha., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4599. Characterization of ten polymorphic microsatellite markers for an endangered butterfly Argynnis niobe and their cross-species utility in the closely related species A. adippe (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
- Creator:
- Zima JR, Jan, Leština, Dan, and Martin Konvička
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Carpathian Mts, conservation genetics, Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Argynnis niobe, A. adippe, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The Niobe Fritillary, Argynnis niobe, is a habitat specialist and as a consequence is highly endangered in contemporary Europe. To investigate its genetic diversity and population structure, 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed and characterized, using a recently developed pyrosequencing method. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 21, and the observed and expected heterozygosities varied from 0.17 to 0.53 and from 0.24 to 0.92, respectively. These loci were also successfully used to study the genetic diversity of a closely related species, the High Brown Fritillary, Argynnis adippe, and will be used in future population structure studies of both these species., Jan Zima JR, Dan Leština, Martin Konvička., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4600. Characterization of ten polymorphic microsatellite markers for the endemic Chapman's ringlet, Erebia palarica (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
- Creator:
- Vila, Marta, Latasa, Tomás, Pino , Juan J. , and Verhulst, Georges
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Erebia palarica, Erebia meolans, microsatellites, Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, and Satyrinae
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for the butterfly Erebia palarica (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), endemic to NW Spain. Polymorphism for 20 individuals from a NW Spanish population (Ancares) and 15 more from two other nearby localities (Courel, Trevinca) was assessed. Overall, the number of alleles per locus ranged from six to 24. Ancares showed an average number of alleles per locus of 14.30 (SD = 5.32), observed heterozygosity of 0.753 (SD = 0.14) and unbiased expected heterozygosity of 0.818 (SD = 0.114). Genotypic frequencies conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at Ancares, and there was no evidence of linkage disequilibrium. Multilocus genotypes resulting from this set of markers will be useful for determining genetic diversity and differentiation within and among populations of this local endemic butterfly in NW Spain. Of the six loci amplified in the closely related species, Erebia meolans, five were polymorphic.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public