Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for the butterfly Erebia palarica (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), endemic to NW Spain. Polymorphism for 20 individuals from a NW Spanish population (Ancares) and 15 more from two other nearby localities (Courel, Trevinca) was assessed. Overall, the number of alleles per locus ranged from six to 24. Ancares showed an average number of alleles per locus of 14.30 (SD = 5.32), observed heterozygosity of 0.753 (SD = 0.14) and unbiased expected heterozygosity of 0.818 (SD = 0.114). Genotypic frequencies conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at Ancares, and there was no evidence of linkage disequilibrium. Multilocus genotypes resulting from this set of markers will be useful for determining genetic diversity and differentiation within and among populations of this local endemic butterfly in NW Spain. Of the six loci amplified in the closely related species, Erebia meolans, five were polymorphic.