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3402. Unintended effects of genetic transformation on photosynthetic gas exchange, leaf reflectance and plant growth properties in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
- Creator:
- Sun, C. X., Yuan, F., Zhang, Y. L., Cui, Z. B., Chen, Z. H., Chen, L. J., and Wu, Z. J.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- botanika, botany, genetic modification, leaf area, light-use efficiency, reflectance index, reflectance spectra, stomatal limitation, transgenic plants, water-use efficiency, 2, and 58
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Characterization of different component processes of photosynthesis is useful to understand the growth status of plants and to discover possible unintended effects of genetic modification on photosynthesis in transgenic plants. We focused on the changes in photosynthetic gas-exchange properties, reflectance spectra, and plant growth traits among groups of different transgenic barley T1 (TolT1) and its isogenic controls (TolNT1), TolT1, and group of its own transgenic progenies T2 (TolT2), TolNT1 and its wild type (WT), respectively. Gas-exchange measurements showed that only the net photosynthetic rate (P N) and the light-use efficiency (LUE) differed significantly between TolT1 and TolT2 with no obvious changes of other characteristics. Reflectance measurements indicated that the reflectance ratio was sensitive to identify the differences between two barley groups. Differences in reflectance expressed on an index basis depended on barley groups. The relationship between LUE and the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) at a leaf level among different barley groups of WT, TolNT1, TolT1 and TolT2 did not changed obviously. The differences in the total leaf area per plant (LA) between WT and TolNT1 as well as between TolT1 and TolT2 were significant. This study finally provided a plausible complex explanation for the unintended effects of genetic transformation on photosynthesis-related properties in barley at different levels. Furthermore, it was concluded that the photosynthesis-related properties of transgenic plants based on gas exchange, leaf reflectance, and plant growth measurements responded to the same environment in a more different way between two subsequent generations than to the processes of the gene insertion by Agrobacterium and associated tissue culture., C. X. Sun ... [et al. ]., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3403. Universal chlorophyll equations for estimating chlorophylls a, b, c, and d and total chlorophylls in natural assemblages of photosynthetic organisms using acetone, methanol, or ethanol solvents
- Creator:
- Ritchie, R. J.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Acaryochloris, algorithms, error structure, Phaeodactylum, phaeophytin, Rhodomonas, spectrophotometric determination, and Synechococcus
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- A universal set of equations for determining chlorophyll (Chl) a, accessory Chl b, c, and d, and total Chl have been developed for 90 % acetone, 100 % methanol, and ethanol solvents suitable for estimating Chl in extracts from natural assemblages of algae. The presence of phaeophytin (Ph) a not only interferes with estimates of Chl a but also with Chl b and c determinations. The universal algorithms can hence be misleading if used on natural collections containing large amounts of Ph. The methanol algorithms are severely affected by the presence of Ph and so are not recommended. The algorithms were tested on representative mixtures of Chls prepared from extracts of algae with known Chl composition. The limits of detection (and inherent error, ±95 % confidence limit) for all the Chl equations were less than 0.03 g m-3. The algorithms are both accurate and precise for Chl a and d but less accurate for Chl b and c. With caution the algorithms can be used to calculate a Chl profile of natural assemblages of algae. The relative error of measurements of Chls increases hyperbolically in diluted extracts. For safety reasons, efficient extraction of Chls and the convenience of being able to use polystyrene cuvettes, the algorithms for ethanol are recommended for routine assays of Chls in natural assemblages of aquatic plants.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3404. Universal Dependencies 2.3 Models for UDPipe (2018-11-15)
- Creator:
- Straka, Milan and Straková, Jana
- Publisher:
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Formal and Applied Linguistics (UFAL)
- Type:
- tool and toolService
- Subject:
- tokenizer, POS tagger, lemmatization, tagger, parser, and dependency parser
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Tokenizer, POS Tagger, Lemmatizer and Parser models for 84 treebanks of 56 languages of Universal Depenencies 2.3 Treebanks, created solely using UD 2.3 data (http://hdl.handle.net/11234/1-2895). The model documentation including performance can be found at http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/udpipe/models#universal_dependencies_23_models . To use these models, you need UDPipe binary version at least 1.2, which you can download from http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/udpipe . In addition to models itself, all additional data and value of hyperparameters used for training are available in the second archive, allowing reproducible training.
- Rights:
- Creative Commons - Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0), http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/, and PUB
3405. Up-regulation of cyclic electron flow and down-regulation of linear electron flow in antisense-rca mutant rice
- Creator:
- Jin, S.-H., Wang, D., Zhu, F.-Y., Li, X.-Q., Sun, J.-W., and Jiang, D. A.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- chlorophyll fluorescence, CO2 assimilation rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, post-irradiation transient increase in chlorophyll fluorescence, and P700+ re-reduction
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- To investigate how excess excitation energy is dissipated in a ribulose-1,5-bisphospate carboxylase/oxygenase activase antisense transgenic rice with net photosynthetic rate (PN) half of that of wild type parent, we measured the response curve of PN to intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), electron transport rate (ETR), quantum yield of open photosystem 2 (PS2) reaction centres under irradiation (Fv'/Fm'), efficiency of total PS2 centres (ΦPS2), photochemical (qP) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), post-irradiation transient increase in chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence (PITICF), and P700+ re-reduction. Carboxylation efficiency dependence on Ci, ETR at saturation irradiance, and Fv'/Fm', ΦPS2, and qP under the irradiation were significantly lower in the mutant. However, NPQ, energy-dependent quenching (qE), PITICF, and P700+ re-reduction were significantly higher in the mutant. Hence the mutant down-regulates linear ETR and stimulates cyclic electron flow around PS1, which may generate the ΔpH to support NPQ and qE for dissipation of excess excitation energy. and S.-H. Jin ... [et al.].
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3406. Updating the occurrence of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in the genus Clusia through carbon isotope analysis of species from Colombia
- Creator:
- Pachon, P., Winter, K., and Lasso, E.
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- C3 photosynthesis, CAM photosynthesis, carbon isotope discrimination, epiphytes, hemiepiphytes, and δ13C
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Clusia is a widely distributed neotropical genus with 321 currently described species. This remarkable genus is the only one known to contain trees sensu stricto with CAM photosynthesis. To survey the occurrence of CAM in Clusia species from Colombia, we determined the leaf stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of 568 specimens from 114 species deposited in 12 Colombian herbaria. In the vast majority of specimens, δ13C values indicated that C3 photosynthesis was the principal contributor to carbon gain. δ13C values typical of strong CAM (less negative than -20‰) were observed in only five species, in four of them for the first time. All samples with CAM-type isotopic signatures were collected below 1,000 m a.s.l., whereas species with predominantly C3 occurred from sea level to 3,500 m a.s.l. Together with information already available in the literature, we conclude that CAM is present in 22% (35/156) of the species of Clusia investigated thus far.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3407. Upregulation of the mitochondrial alternative oxidase pathway improves PSII function and photosynthetic electron transport in tomato seedlings under chilling stress
- Creator:
- Zeng, J. J., Hu, W. H., Hu, X. H., Tao, H. M., Zhong, L., and Liu, L. L.
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- chlorophyll fluorescence, JIP-test, OJIP curve, salicylhydroxamic acid, and Solanum lycopersicum
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- The aim of this study was to explore how the mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway alleviates photoinhibition in chilled tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings. Chilling induced photoinhibition in tomato seedlings despite the increases in thermal energy dissipation and cyclic electron flow around PSI (CEF-PSI). Chilling inhibited the function of PSII and blocked electron transport at the PSII acceptor side, however, it did not affect the oxygen-evolving complex on the donor side of PSII. Upregulation of the AOX pathway protects against photoinhibition by improving PSII function and photosynthetic electron transport in tomato seedlings under chilling stress. The AOX pathway maintained the open state of PSII and the stability of the entire photosynthetic electron transport chain. Moreover, the protective role of the AOX pathway on PSII was more important than that on PSI. However, inhibition of the AOX pathway could be compensated by increasing CEF-PSI activity under chilling stress.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3408. Určení redakce staročeské bible Záblackého
- Creator:
- Pečírková, Jaroslava
- Format:
- electronic
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Old Czech Bible, Záblacký Bible, BL, Z004, and P1
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Our comparison of samples from the Záblacký Bible with the first, second and third editions of the Old Czech Bible translation confirms Kyas's classification of the Záblacký Bible as a compilation translation, containing parts with texts from different editions of the Old Czech Bible. Some of its books belong to the first edition of the Old Czech Bible translation, some to the second, or the first and the second edition against the third edition, and some indicate conformity to third edition bibles. Some parts show conformity with the second and simultaneously the third editions against the first edition. In some places the Záblacký Bible even has its own reading, which we have not found in any other bible that we have worked with.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3409. Určení redakce staročeské bible Záblackého
- Creator:
- Pečírková, Jaroslava
- Format:
- electronic
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Old Czech Bible, Záblacký Bible, Z004, P1, and BL
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Our comparison of samples from the Záblacký Bible with the first, second and third editions of the Old Czech Bible translation confirms Kyas's classification of the Záblacký Bible as a compilation translation, containing parts with texts from different editions of the Old Czech Bible. Some of its books belong to the first edition of the Old Czech Bible translation, some to the second, or the first and the second edition against the third edition, and some indicate conformity to third edition bibles. Some parts show conformity with the second and simultaneously the third editions against the first edition. In some places the Záblacký Bible even has its own reading, which we have not found in any other bible that we have worked with.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3410. Určení redakce staročeské bible Záblackého
- Creator:
- Pečírková, Jaroslava
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Old Czech Bible and Záblacký Bible
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Our comparison of samples from the Záblacký Bible with the first, second and third editions of the Old Czech Bible translation confirms Kyas's classification of the Záblacký Bible as a compilation translation, containing parts with texts from different editions of the Old Czech Bible. Some of its books belong to the first edition of the Old Czech Bible translation, some to the second, or the first and the second edition against the third edition, and some indicate conformity to third edition bibles. Some parts show conformity with the second and simultaneously the third editions against the first edition. In some places the Záblacký Bible even has its own reading, which we have not found in any other bible that we have worked with.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public