Presented study is aimed at using additional information to improve process represen-tativity of hydrological modelling. The study region is the Haute-Mentue catchment lo-cated in the western part of Switzerland, 20 km north of Lausanne. Previous research in this catchment allowed improving of the understanding of the runoff generation by combining point soil moisture measurements (TDR) and integrating measurements both at the hillslope scale (dye tracing) and at the catchment scale (environmental tracing). In this work, environmental tracing information will be integrated into a semi-distributed hydrological model, which is a modified version of TOPMODEL taking into account a rapid stormflow generation above a less permeable soil horizon. Additional information has been incorporated by using a version of simulated annealing adapted for multi-criteria optimisation. and Štúdia je venovaná využitiu dodatkových informácií pri reálnejšej simulácii hydrologických procesov v zrážkovo-odtokovom modeli. Študovanou oblasťou je povodie Haute-Mentue, ležiace v západnej časti Švajčiarska, 20 km od Lausanne. Predchádzajúci výskum v tomto povodí, založený na kombinácii bodových meraní (TDR) a integrovaných meraní v mierke svahu (farbiace skúšky) a povodia (prirodzené stopovače), zlepšil vedomosti o tvorbe odtoku. V tejto štúdii sú informácie získané prirodzenými stopovačmi použité pri posudzovaní výsledkov simulácie odtoku pomocou semidistribuovaného hydrologického modelu (modifikovaná verzia modelu TOPMODEL, ktorá uvažuje s mechanizmom tvorby odtoku nasýtením nad vrstvou pôdy s nižšou priepustnosťou). Ďalšou dodatkovou informáciou boli výsledky automatickej optimalizácie parametrov modelu pmocou metódy vychádzajúcej z analógie medzi optimalizáciou parametrov modelu a rozdelením častíc v tuhnúcej kvapaline (tzv. simulated annealing), adaptovanej na optimalizáciu podľa viacerých kritérií.
John MacFarlane argues against objectivism about ''tasty''/''not tasty'' in the following way. If objectivism were true then, given that speakers use ''tasty''/''not tasty'' in accordance with a rule, TP, speakers would be using an evidently unreliable method to form judgements and make claims about what is tasty. Since this is implausible, objectivism must be false. In this paper, I describe a context in which speakers deviate from TP. I argue that MacFarlane’s argument against objectivism fails when applied to uses of ''not tasty'' within this context. So objectivism about ''not tasty'' is still a viable position within this context., John MacFarlane argumentuje proti objektivismu o ''chutném'' / ''ne chutném'' následujícím způsobem. Pokud by objektivismus byl pravdivý, vzhledem k tomu, že reproduktory používají ''chutné'' / ''ne chutné'' v souladu s pravidly TP, mluvčí by používali zjevně nespolehlivou metodu k tomu, aby vytvořili soudy a prohlásili, co je chutné. Protože to je nepravděpodobné, objektivismus musí být falešný. V tomto článku popisuji kontext, ve kterém se mluvčí odchýlí od TP. Argumentuji, že argument MacFarlane proti objektivismu selhal, když se v tomto kontextu vztahuje k použití ''ne chutných''. Tak objektivismus ''ne chutné'' je stále životaschopný postoj v tomto kontextu., and Alexi Davies
In bare soils of semi-arid areas, surface crusting is a rather common phenomenon due to the impact of raindrops. Water infiltration measurements under ponding conditions are becoming largely applied techniques for an approximate characterization of crusted soils. In this study, the impact of crusting on soil hydraulic conductivity was assessed in a Mediterranean vineyard (western Sicily, Italy) under conventional tillage. The BEST (Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer parameters) algorithm was applied to the infiltration data to obtain the hydraulic conductivity of crusted and uncrusted soils. Soil hydraulic conductivity was found to vary during the year and also spatially (i.e., rows vs. interrows) due to crusting, tillage and vegetation cover. A 55 mm rainfall event resulted in a decrease of the saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, Ks, by a factor of 1.6 in the inter-row areas, due to the formation of a crusted layer at the surface. The same rainfall event did not determine a Ks reduction in the row areas (i.e., Ks decreased by a non-significant factor of 1.05) because the vegetation cover intercepted the raindrops and therefore prevented alteration of the soil surface. The
developed ring insertion methodology on crusted soil, implying pre-moistening through the periphery of the sampled surface, together with the very small insertion depth of the ring (0.01 m), prevented visible fractures. Consequently, Beerkan tests carried out along and between the vine-rows and data analysis by the BEST algorithm allowed to assess crusting-dependent reductions in hydraulic conductivity with extemporaneous measurements alone. The reliability of the tested technique was also confirmed by the results of the numerical simulation of the infiltration process in a crusted soil. Testing the Beerkan infiltration run in other crusted soils and establishing comparisons with other experimental methodologies
appear advisable to increase confidence on the reliability of the method that seems suitable for simple characterization of crusted soils.
The precise rainfall estimate with appropriate spatial and temporal resolutions is a key input to distributed hydrological models. However, networks of rain gauges are often sparsely distributed in developing countries. To overcome such limitations, this study used some of the existing gridded rainfall products to simulate streamflow. Four fridded rainfall products, including APHRODITE, CFSR, PERSIANN, and TRMM, were used as input to the SWAT distributed hydrological model in order to simulate streamflow over the Srepok River Catchment in Vietnam. Besides that, the available rain gauges data were also used for comparison. Amongst the four different datasets, the TRMM and APHRODITE data show their best match to rain gauges data in simulating the daily and monthly streamflow with satisfactory precision in the 2000–2006 period. The result indicates that the TRMM and APHRODITE data have potential applications
in driving hydrological model and water resources management in data-scarce and ungauged areas in Vietnam.
Accurate measurement of shallow flows is important for hydraulics, hydrology and water resources management. The objective of this paper is to discuss a technique for shallow flow and overland flow velocity estimation that uses infrared thermography. Laboratory flumes and different bare, vegetated and paved field surfaces were used to test the technique. Results show that shallow flow surface velocities estimated using thermal tracers and infrared technology are similar to estimates obtained using the Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter; similar results were also obtained for overland flow velocity estimates using thermography, here comparing with the dye tracer technique. The thermographic approach revealed some potential as a flow visualization technique, and leaves space for future studies and research.
Epilepsia je chronické ochorenie, ktoré je často sprevádzané psychiatrickou komorbiditou. Najčastejšou z nich je depresia, ktorá je sprevádzaná subsyndromálnymi, atypickými a chronifikovanými príznakmi depresie. Incidencia depresie je u pacientov s epilepsiou vyššia ako u iných neurologických alebo chronických ochorení. Psychopatológia spojená s epilepsiou obťažuje pacienta častokrát viac ako samotné ochorenie. Cieľom práce je prezentácia a analýza kazuistiky 37-ročného muža s diagnózou epilepsie so sprievodnou psychiatrickou symptomatikou, ktorá znížila kvalitu jeho života oveľa viac ako samotné neurologické ochorenie. V kazuistike popisujeme klinické symptómy neuropsychiatrického ochorenia – epilepsie ako aj životné udalosti, ktoré sú u každého pacienta jedinečné a majú závažný vplyv na priebeh a liečbu epilepsie., Epilepsy is a chronic disease that is often accompanied by psychiatric comorbidity. The most frequent of them is depression accompanied by subsyndromic, chronic and atypical symptoms of depression. The incidence of depression in patients with epilepsy is higher than in other neurological or chronic diseases. Psychopathology associated with epilepsy often bothers the patient more than the disease itself. The aim of this work is to present and analyze a case report of a 37‑year‑old man diagnosed with epilepsy and associated psychiatric symptomatology that reduced his quality of life much more than the neurological disease itself. In this case report, we describe clinical symptoms of neuropsychiatric disease – epilepsy as well as life events that are unique to each patient and have a significant impact on the course and treatment of epilepsy. Key words: epilepsy – anxiety – depression – personality changes The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers., and J. Vančíková, A. Bednářová
Pozadie: Článok sa zaoberá vybranými aspektmi ústretovosti českého zdravotníckeho systému z pohľadu slovenských imigrantov so zameraním na dostupnosť zdravotnej starostlivosti a komunikáciu medzi pacientom a lekárom. Metódy: Kvalitatívna štúdia bola realizovaná prostredníctvom rozhovorov u 20 Slovákov žijúcich v Českej republike. Výsledky: Najväčšie prekážky pri čerpaní zdravotnej starostlivosti vidia respondenti v nedostatočnom počte registračných miest u lekárov primárnej starostlivosti. Naopak respondenti boli spokojní s prístupom českých lekárov. Závery: Pravdepodobným dôvodom ťažkostí slovenských imigrantov pri registrácii u lekárov primárnej starostlivosti je pracovná preťaženosť lekárov., Background: The article deals with selected aspects of health system responsiveness from the perspective of Slovak immigrants in the Czech Republic. It focuses on access to health care and communication between patient and physician. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted through interviews with 20 Slovaks living in the Czech Republic. Results: The biggest obstacles to health care receiving consist, according to respondents, in inadequate number of registration places at primary care physicians. However, respondents were satisfied with physician`s approach in the Czech Republic. Conclusions: The probable reason for the difficulties of Slovak immigrants during registration at primary care physicians is the work overload of physicians in the Czech Republic., Jana Gabrielová, Iva Brabcová, and Literatura