This study was undertaken to in vestigate the effects of lower body positive pressure (LBPP) on cardiovascular responses during a 15-min walking trial in young (22.1±0.4 years) and elderly women (67.8±1.1 years). The application of 20 mm Hg LBPP reduced ground reaction forces by 31.2±0.5 kgw in both groups. We hypothesized that cardiovascular responses to LBPP during walking were different between the young and elderly subjects. Applying 20 mm Hg of LBPP increased diastolic and mean blood pressure but not systolic blood pressure in both groups. LBPP- induced reduction in heart rate (HR) occurred more quickly in the young group compared to the elderly group (p<0.05). Applying LBPP also decreased double product (systolic blood pressure x HR) in both groups, suggesting that LBPP reduces myocardial oxygen consumption during exercise. These results suggest that heart rate responses to LBPP during exercise vary with increasing age., T. Sota ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The effects of pleuran, ß-1,3 glucan isolated from Pleurotus ostreatus, were studied in a model of acute colitis induced by intracolonic administration of acetic acid. There was a reduction of the colonic damage score, colonic wet weight and wet/dry weight ratio 48 h after single luminal 2 % pleuran suspension pretreatment. Similar results were obtained after repeated intraperitoneal administration of pleuran in doses of 30 and 100 mg/kg. Pleuran given orally as a 10 % food component over 4 weeks was effective in reducing the extent of mucosal damage, but did not prevent the increase of myeloperoxidase in the injured colonic segment. In the segment without macroscopic evidence of inflammation, myeloperoxidase activity was significantly lower as documented by histological examination. The results indicate a possible role of this immunomodulator in the treatment of ulcerative colitis., V. Nosáľová, P. Bobek, S. Černá, Š. Galbavý, S. Štvrtina., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Plant essential oils (EOs) have been reported to have health benefit properties and their preventive and therapeutic use in animals is expected to increase in the future. We evaluated the influence of five essential oils obtained from plant species which are known to have positive antimicrobial, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects – sage EO from Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae), oregano EO from Origanum vulgare L. (Lamiaceae), thyme EO from Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae), clove EO from Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae) and cinnamon EO from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (Lauraceae) on the growth and development of mouse preimplantation embryos in vivo. Essential oils were added to commercial diet at concentrations of 0.25 % for sage EO, thyme EO, clove EO, cinnamon EO and 0.1 % for oregano EO, and fed to ICR female mice for 2 weeks ad libitum. Females were then mated with males of the same strain. Embryos obtained on Day 4 of pregnancy at the blastocyst stage were stained by morphological triple staining (Hoechst, PI, Calcein-AM) and evaluated using fluorescent microscopy. The effects of essential oils were estimated by the viability of embryos, number of nuclei and distribution of embryos according to nucleus number. Cinnamon EO significantly decreased the number of nuclei and the distribution of embryos according to nucleus number was significantly altered. Sage EO negatively influenced the distribution of embryos according to nucleus number. Clove and oregano EOs induced a significantly increased rate of cell death. Only thyme EO had no detectable effects on embryo development. In conclusion, none of the essential oils had any positive effect on embryo development, but some of them reduced the number of cells and increased the incidence of cell death., M. Domaracký, P. Rehák, Š. Juhás, J. Koppel., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Chronic smoking can cause imbalance in endocrine homeostasis and impairment of fertility in both sexes. The male reproductive system is more resilient, still the literature provides conflicting results about the influence of smoking on the steroid hormone levels. The data about smoking cessation are limited; there has not yet been a study primarily focused on changes in steroids levels. In our study, we analyzed levels of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), cortisol and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in male smokers and during smoking cessation. Monitored analytes were determined by RIA. The free testosterone index was calculated. Basal samples of men successful and unsuccessful in smoking cessation did not differ and monitored hormones could hardly predict success of smoking cessation. After one year without smoking, a significant BMI increase and SHBG decrease in former smokers was observed. The decrease in total testosterone was non-significant. Changes in SHBG and testosterone did not correlate with BMI, presumably due to the direct effect of smoking cessation., H. Hruškovičová, ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
To determine the relationship between hyperventilation and recovery of blood pH during recovery from a heavy exercise, short-term intense exercise (STIE) tests were performed after human subjects ingested 0.3 g · kg-1 body mass of either NaHCO3 (Alk) or CaCO3 (Pla). Ventilation (V.E) - CO2 output (V.co2) slopes during recovery following STIE were significantly lower in Alk than in Pla, indicating that hyperventilation is attenuated under the alkalotic condition. However, this reduction of the slope was the result of unchanged V.E and a small increase in V.co 2.A significant correlation between V.E and blood pH was found during recovery in both conditions. While there was no difference between the V.E - pH slopes in the two conditions, V.E at the same pH was higher in Alk than in Pla. Furthermore, the values of pH during recovery in both conditions increased toward the preexercise levels of each condition. Thus, although V.E - V.co 2 slope was decreased under the alkalotic condition, this could not be explained by the ventilatory depression attributed to increase in blood pH. We speculate that hy perventilation after the end of STIE is determined by the V.E - pH relationship that was set before STIE or the intensity of the exercise performed., T. Yunoki ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on human cell lines were described in numerous studies, but still many questions remain unanswered. Our experiment was designed with the aim of studying the effects of EMFs on the metabolic activity of chondrocytes in vitro. Human chondrocyte in vitro cultures, cultured in medium supplemented with 20 % fetal calf serum, were exposed to static magnetic field (SMF) (intensity of 0.6 T) and pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) (21.2 MHz period of 15 ms, burst duration of 2 ms, amplification 3 dBm (0.1 V) and maximum output of 250 W) continually for 72 h. After the exposure, viability was determined using the MTT test and compared with a nonexposed control culture. As compared to the control sample the exposure to SMF resulted in a statistically significant increase (p<0.001) in viability. However, the increase of viability after PEMF exposure was not significant. This could be due to the frequency dependent effect on human cells. The experiments demonstrated that magnetic fields, using the above parameters, have a positive effect on the viability of human chondrocytes cultured in vitro., Š. Štolfa, M. Škorvánek, P. Štolfa, J. Rosocha, G. Vaško, J. Sabo., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The cold pressor test (CPT) triggers in healthy subjects a vascular sympathetic activation and an increase in blood pressure. The heart rate (HR) response to this test is less well defined, with a high inter-individual variability. We used traditional spectral analysis together with the non-linear detrended fluctuation analysis to study the autonomic control of HR during a 3-min CPT. 39 healthy young subjects (23.7 ± 3.2 years, height 180.4 ± 4.7 cm and weight 73.3 ± 6.4 kg) were divided into two groups according to their HR responses to CPT. Twenty subjects have a sustained increase in HR throughout the test with reciprocal autonomic interaction, i.e. increase in sympathetic activity and decrease vagal outflow. In the 19 remainders, HR decreased after an initial increase, with indication of involvement of both sympathetic and vagal outflow. Baseline evaluation of the subjects revealed no difference between the two groups. Nevertheless, a higher sympathetic activity at the skin level during CPT was present in the group with decreased HR. Further studies are needed to explain why healthy subjects react differently to the CPT and if this has potential clinical implications., L. Mourot, M. Bouhaddi, J. Regnard., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 7-oxo-DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) on the serum levels of steroid sexual hormones, gonadotropins, lipids and lipoproteins in men. 7-oxo-DHEA was applied onto the skin as a gel to 10 volunteers aged 27 to 72 years for 5 consecutive days. The single dose contained 25 mg 7-oxo-DHEA. Serum concentrations of testosterone, estradiol, cortisol, androstenedione, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A-I and B and lipoprotein(a) were measured before the beginning and shortly after the end of the steroid application. After the treatment, we noted the following significant changes: a decline of testosterone and estradiol levels, increase of LH, HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels. The decrease of total cholesterol levels was of the borderline significance. A slight but significant increase was found in apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein(a). The most expressive was the fall of the atherogenic index. We suggest that the gel containing 7-oxo-DHEA might be a suitable drug for improving the composition of the steroid and lipid parameters in elderly men., J. Šulcová, M. Hill, Z. Mašek, R. Češka, A.Nováček, R. Hampl, L. Stárka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
In order to ascertain the kinetics of absorption and metabolism of transdermally administered dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 10 men 29-72 years old (mean 52.4±14.5) received 50 mg DHEA/day in a gel applied onto the skin of the abdomen for 5 consecutive days. The objective was to establish the extent to which DHEA influences the levels of gonadotropins, sex hormone-binding globulin and lipids. It was found that DHEA is well absorbed and rapidly metabolized to its sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione, and consequently to testosterone and estradiol. The DHEA levels that markedly increased after the first doses gradually declined already during the application, and this decline proceeded even after it was discontinued, reaching levels significantly lower than the original ones. On the other hand, the levels of DHEA metabolites (with the exception of DHEAS) rose during the application and reached values significantly higher than the basal ones within 5 weeks. This effect was accompanied by significantly decreased levels of LH. The serum levels of lipids, namely of cholesterol (both HDL and LDL cholesterol), triglycerides, apolipoproteins A-I and B and lipoprotein(a) after DHEA application were not changed significantly, and the atherogenic index (AI) remained unaltered. However, some correlations between hormones and lipids were found. Negative correlations concerned the following indices: DHEA/Lp(a); DHEAS/cholesterol; DHEA, DHEAS, testosterone/TG; testosterone/AI. On the other hand, LH, FSH/cholesterol, FSH, SHBG/LDL cholesterol, FSH/Apo B, Lp(a) correlated positively. It can be concluded that transdermal short-time application of DHEA results in a decrease of endogenous DHEA after finishing the treatment, with a parallel marked increase in the levels of sex hormones. Using this application protocol, exogenous DHEA neither altered the lipid spectrum, nor did it influence the atherogenic index., J. Šulcová, M. Hill, R. Hampl, Z. Mašek, A. Nováček, R. Češka, L. Stárka., and Obsahuje bibliografii