Search

Start Over Rights http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Subject fyziologie

261. Plasma membrane density of GABAB-R1a, GABAB-R1b, Gaba-R2 and trimetic G-proteins in the course of postnatal development of rat brain cortex

Creator:
Dlouhá, K., Kagan, D., Roubalová, L., Ujčíková, H., and Svoboda, P.
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, GABAB-R, postnatal development, rat brain cortex, g-proteins, Na, K-ATPase, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
K. Dlouhá ... [et al.]. and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

262. Plasma membrane microparticles in angiogenesis: role in ischemic diseases and in cancer

Creator:
Mostefai, H. A., Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina, and Martínez, M. C.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, endotel, ischemie, physiology, endothelium, ischemia, mikročástice, vývoj nádoru, microparticles, tumor development, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Microparticles are small fragments of the plasma membrane released by activated and/or apoptotic cells. In theory, all type of cells can shed microparticles representing a physiological process in the cell life. Mainly, microparticles generation has been studied in different cardiovascular pathologies due to the facility to obtain blood samples from individuals. Although microparticles have been considered as simply markers of several diseases, in the last decade, several studies support the hypothesis that they participate in the regulation of the cardiovascular system function by carrying biological messages between cells. Among the effects of microparticles, recent data show that they can be implicated in the modulation of neovascularization, an essential function of cells from cardiovascular system during either ischemic diseases or cancer development. Whereas during pathologies associated with ischemia an increase of neovascularization may have beneficial effects, anti-angiogenic strategies represent new approaches for manipulation of tumor development. Here, we give an overview of the mechanisms and factors involved in neovascularization, and finally, we look at the role and the consequences of the modulation of this process by microparticles in pathological situations., H. A. Mostefai, R. Andriantsitohaina, M. C. Martínez., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

263. Plasma prohepcidin as a negative acute phase reactant after large cardiac surgery with a deep hypothermic circulatory arrest

Creator:
Pavel Maruna, Jaroslav Lindner, Kunštýř, J., Kateřina M. Plocová, and Jaromír Hubáček
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, proteiny akutní fáze, cytokiny, chirurgie, physiology, acute phase proteins, cytokines, surgery, interleukin-6, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Hepcidin is a key regulator of iron metabolism and a mediator of anemia in inflammation. Recent in vitro studies recognized prohepcidin as a type II acute phase protein regulating via interleukin-6. The aim of the present study was to investigate the time course of plasma prohepcidin after a large cardiac surgery in relation to IL-6 and other inflam matory parameters. Patients with chronic thromboembolic hypertension (n=22, males/females 14/8, age 51.9±10.2 years) underwent pulmonary endarterectomy using cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest were included into study. Arterial concentrations of prohepcidin, IL-1β , IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α , and C-reactive protein were measured before/after sternotomy, after circulatory arrest, after separation from bypass, and then 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 h and 72 h after the separation from bypass. Hemodynamic parameters, hematocrit and markers of iron metabolism were followed up. Pulmonary endarterectomy induced a 48 % fall in plasma prohepcidin; minimal concentrations were detected after separation from cardiopulmonary bypass. Prohepcidin decline correlated with an extracorporeal circulation time (p<0.01), while elevated IL-6 levels were inversely associated with duration of prohepcidin decline. Postoperative prohepcidin did not correlate with markers of iron metabolism or hemoglobin concentrations within a 72-h period after separation from CPB. Prohepcidin showed itself as a negative acute phase reactant during systemic inflammatory response syndrome associated with a cardiac surgery. Results indicate that the evolution of prohepcidin in postoperative period implies the antagonism of stimulatory effect of IL-6 and contraregulatory factors inhibiting prohepcidin synthesis or increasing prohepcidin clearance., P. Maruna ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

264. Plasma tissue factor in coronary artery disease: further step to the understanding of the basic mechanisms of coronary artery thrombosis

Creator:
Jan Vojáček, Jan Dušek, Josef Bis, Josef Šťásek, and Martin Blažek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, věnčité tepny, arteriální trombóza, physiology, coronary arteries, arterial thrombosis, tkáňový faktor, tissue factor, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Tissue factor is a cell surface protein that is expressed constitutively by monocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts, but also by some other cells in response to a variety of stimuli. The main function of the tissue factor is to form a complex with factor VII/VIIa that converts factors IX and X to their active forms. Tissue factor is also involved in the pathophysiology of systemic inflammatory disorders, coagulopathies, atherosclerotic disease, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Increased tissue factor expression either locally in the coronary plaques or systematically on circulating blood elements of patients with acute coronary syndromes may be responsible for increased thrombin generation, thus leading to platelet activation and fibrin formation. Tissue factor therefore plays a pivotal role in the initiation of thrombotic complications in patients with coronary artery disease., J. Vojáček, J. Dušek, J. Bis, J. Šťásek, M. Blažek., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

265. Polyploidie u ryb

Creator:
Martin Flajšhans and Petr Ráb
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, ryby, obojživelníci, plazi, molekulární biologie, virologie, imunologie, fyziologie, genetika, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, molecular biology, virology, immunology, physiology, genetics, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Polyploidie je důležitým evolučním mechanismem přispívajícím k biodiverzitě současných ryb a také významným nástrojem v akvakultuře. Tento článek podává přehled o mechanismech vzniku polyploidie a o kauzálním vztahu mezi hybridizačními událostmi a zvýšením stupně ploidie. Uvádí rovněž příklady využití specifických vlastností polyploidů v akvakultuře., Polyploidy is an important evolutionary mechanism contributing to the biodiversity of extant fishes, and it also represents a notable tool in aquaculture. This paper re­views the mechanisms by means of which polyploidy arises and the causal relation­ship between hybridisation events and elevation of the ploidy level. Utilization of specific traits of polyploids in aquaculture is also discussed., Martin Flajšhans, Petr Ráb., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

266. Positioning ot the NOR-bearing chromosomes in relation to nucleoli in daughter cells after mitosis

Creator:
Markéta Kalmárová, Evgeny Smirnov, Lubomír Kováčik, Alexey Popov, and Ivan Raška
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Buněčná biologie. Cytologie, fyziologie, chromozomy, buněčná jádra, physiology, chromosomes, cell nuclei, chromosome positioning, Nucleolus Organizer Regions (NORs), daughter cells, 2, and 576
Language:
English
Description:
It is known that chromosomes occupy non-random positions in the cell nucleus. However, it is not clear to what extent their nuclear positions, together with their neighborhood, are conserved in daughter cells. To address specific aspects of this problem, we used the model of the chromosomes carrying ribosomal genes that are organized in clusters termed Nucleolus Organizer Regions (NORs). We compared the association of chosen NOR-bearing chromosomes (NOR-chromosomes) with nucleoli, as well as the numbers of nucleoli, in the pairs of daughter cells, and established how frequently the daughter cells had equal numbers of the homologs of certain NOR-chromosomes associated with individual nucleoli. The daughter cells typically had different numbers of nucleoli. At the same time, using immuno-FISH with probes for chromosomes 14 and 15 in HeLa cells, we found that the cell pairs with identical combinations appeared significantly more frequently than predicted by the random model. Thus, although the total number of chromosomes associated with nucleoli is variable, our data indicate that the position of the NOR-bearing chromosomes in relation to nucleoli is partly conserved through mitosis., M. Kalmárová, E. Smirnov, L. Kováčik, A. Popov, I. Raška., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

267. Postoperative residual paralysis and respiratory status: comparative study of pancuronium and vecuronium

Creator:
Bissinger, U., Schimek, F., and Gunther Lenz
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, pulse oximetry, arterial blood gas analysis, pulmonary function, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The objective of this prospective double-blind study was to determine whether postoperative residual paralysis (PORP) after pancuronium or vecuronium results in hypoxemia and hypercapnia in the immediate admission period to the recovery ward. Eighty-three consecutive surgical patients received balanced or intravenous anesthesia with pancuronium for operations lasting longer than one hour or vecuronium for those lasting less than 60 min, both combined with neostigmine at the end of anesthesia. Standard clinical criteria assessed neuromuscular function intraoperatively. Postoperatively, we determined neuromuscular function (acceleromyography with supramaximal train-of-four (TOF) stimulation of the ulnar nerve, and a 5-s head lift) and pulmonary function (pulse oximetry: SpO2, and blood gas analysis: SaO2, PaCO2). We defined PORP as a TOF-ratio 70 %, hypoxemia as a postoperative SpO2³ 5 % below the pre-anesthestic level together with a postoperative SaO293 %, and hypercapnia as a PaCO2³ 46 mm Hg. Among the 49 pancuronium and 27 vecuronium patients studied, the PORP rates were 20 % in the pancuronium group and 7 % in the vecuronium group (p>0.05). Hypoxemia and hypercapnia occurred more often in pancuronium patients with PORP than in those without PORP namely 60 % vs. 10% (p<0.05) and 30 % vs. 8 % (p>0.05), respectively. We conclude that PORP after pancuronium is a significant risk factor for hypoxemia., U. Bissinger, F. Schimek, G. Lenz., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

268. Pravěk ve střední Evropě - svědectví mitochondriální DNA

Creator:
Priehodová, Edita
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Antropologie, antropologie, molekulární biologie, virologie, imunologie, fyziologie, genetika, anthropology, molecular biology, virology, immunology, physiology, genetics, 1, and 572
Language:
Czech
Description:
Jedním ze zdrojů informací o pravěku je mitochondriální DNA (mtDNA). Díky mutacím, které v její molekule v průběhu času zcela přirozeně vznikají, lze rekonstruovat fylogenetický strom a datovat vznik jednotlivých větví i jejich další vývoj v jednotlivých oblastech světa. První evropské větve lidské mtDNA fylogeneze jsou zřejmě starší více než 50 tis. let a pocházejí s největší pravděpodobností z Předního východu. Díky mtDNA bylo rovněž zjištěno, jak se na složení evropského genofondu projevilo poslední maximum doby ledové před 20 tis. lety, kdy se kvůli ochlazení lidé stáhli do jihoevropských refugií a po oteplení před 15 tis. lety severnější oblasti znovu kolonizovali. Také se předpokládalo, že se vznikem zemědělství před 10 tis. lety proběhla další větší migrace z Předního východu. Ve střední Evropě je ale námi zjištěný příspěvek ,,neolitických“ mtDNA linií poměrně malý, takže se zemědělství v této oblasti šířilo spíše akulturací původních obyvatel, tedy přenosem kulturních dovedností. Výsledky odpovídají i demografickým modelům populačního růstu., According to the human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) phylogeny, European first branches seem to be more than 50 000 years old and may have originated in the Near East. MtDNA has also revealed how the composition of the European gene pool changed in association with the Last Glacial Maximum 20 000 years ago when the European population retreated into southern refugia and how after the amelio­ration of the climate some 15 000 years ago it re-colonized northern regions. The contribution of “Neolithic” mtDNA lineages in Central Europe has been determined as relatively small and agriculture probably spread more by the acculturation of indigenous inhabitants., and Edita Priehodová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

269. Pre- and Postprandial Expression of the Leptin Receptor Splice Variants OB-Ra and OB-Rb in Murine Peripheral Tissues

Creator:
Frühbeck, G., Gómez-Ambrosi, J., and Martínez, J. A.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, myši, physiology, mice, OB protein, fasting, skeletal muscle, fiber type composition, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
G. Frühbeck, J. Gómez-Ambrosi, J. A. Martínez. and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

270. Preconditioning by hypoventilation increases ventricular arrhythmia threshold in wistar rats

Creator:
Pavol Švorc and Imola Bračoková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, hypoventilation, cardioprotection, preconditioning, ventricular arrhythmia, rats, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Hypoventilation, as one of ventilatory disorders, decreases the electrical stability of the heart similarly as ischemia. If preconditioning by short cycles of ischemia has a cardioprotective effect against harmful influences of a prolonged ischemic period, then preconditioning by hypoventilation (HPC) can also have a similar effect. Anesthetized rats (ketamine 100 mg/kg + xylasine 15 mg/kg i.m., open chest experiments) were subjected to 20 min of hypoventilation followed by 20 min of reoxygenation (control group). The preconditioning (PC) was induced by one (1PC), two (2PC) or three (3PC) cycles of 5-min hypoventilation followed by 5-min reoxygenation. The electrical stability of the heart was measured by a ventricular arrhythmia threshold (VAT) tested by electrical stimulation of the right ventricle. Twenty-minute hypoventilation significantly decreased the VAT in the control and 1PC groups (p<0.05) and non-significantly in 2PC vs. the initial values. Reoxygenation reversed the VAT values to the initial level only in the control group. In 3PC, the VAT was increased from 2.32±0.69 mA to 4.25±1.31 mA. during hypoventilation (p<0.001) and to 4.37±1.99 mA during reoxygenation (p<0.001). It is concluded that cardioprotection against the hypoventilation/ reoxygenation-induced decrease of VAT proved to be effective only after three cycles of HPC., P. Švorc, I. Bračoková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public