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Start Over Rights http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Date Unknown

29882. The vibration plethysmographic method of arterial compliance analysis in dependence on transmural pressure

Creator:
Jiří Moudr, Jitka Svačinová, Eva Závodná, and Nataša Honzíková
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, tepny, krevní tlak, arteries, blood pressure, arterial compliance, finger arterial pressure, plethysmography, transmural arterial pressure, frequency characteristic, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
The aim of this study was to obtain a detailed analysis of the relationship between the finger arterial compliance C [ml/mm Hg] and the arterial transmural pressure Pt [mm Hg]. We constructed a dynamic plethysmograph enabling us to set up a constant pressure Pcss [mm Hg] and a superimposed fast pressure vibration in the finger cuff (equipped with a source of infra-red light and a photoelectric sensor for the measurement of arterial volume). Pcss could be set on the required time interval in steps ranging between 30 and 170 mm Hg, and on sinusoidal pressure oscillation with an amplitude Pca (2 mm Hg) and a frequency f (20, 25, 30, 35, 40 Hz). At the same time continuous blood pressure BP was measured on the adjacent finger (Portapres). We described the volume dependence of a unitary arterial length on the time-varying transmural pressure acting on the arterial wall (externally Pcss+Pca.sin(2πf), internally BP) by a second-order differential equation for volume. This equation was linearized within a small range of selected BP. In the next step, a Fourier transform was applied to obtain the frequency characteristic in analytic form of a complex linear combination of frequency functions. While series of oscillations [Pca, f] were applied for each Pcss, the corresponding response of the plethysmogram was measured. Amplitude spectra were obtained to estimate coefficients of the frequency characteristic by regression analysis. We determined the absolute value: elastance E, and its inverse value: compliance (C=1/E). Then, C=C(Pt) was acquired by applying sequences of oscillations for different Pcss (and thus Pt) by the above-described procedure. This methodology will be used for the study of finger arterial compliance in different physiological and pathological conditions., J. Moudr, J. Svačinová, E. Závodná, N. Honzíková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

29884. The VO2-on kinetics in constant load exercise sub-anaerobic threshold reflects endothelial function and dysfunction in muscle microcirculation

Creator:
Maione, D., Cicero, A. F. G., Bacchelli, S., Cosentino, E. R., Degli Esposti, D., Manners, D. N., Rinaldi, E. R., Rosticci, M., Senaldi, R., Ambrosioni, E., and Borghi, C.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, anaerobic threshold, constant load exercise, endothelial function, O2 consumption, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
To propose a test to evaluate endothelial function, based on VO 2 on-transition kinetics in sub -anaerobic threshold (AT) constant load exercise, we tested healthy subjects and patients with ischemic -hypertensive cardiopathy by two cardiopulmonary te sts on a cycle ergometer endowed with an electric motor to overcome initial inertia: a pre-test and, after at least 24 h, one 6 min constant load exercise at 90 % AT. We measured net phase 3 VO2-on kinetics and, by phase 2 time constant (τ), valued endothe lial dysfunction. We found shorter τ in repeated tests, shorter time between first and second test, by persisting endothelium -dependent arteriolar vasodilatation and/or several other mechanisms. Reducing load to 80 % and 90 % AT did not produce significant changes in τ of healthy volunteers, while in heart patients an AT load of 70 %, compared to 80 % AT, shortened τ(∆=4.38±1.65s, p=0.013). In heart patients, no correlation was found between NYHA class, ejection fraction (EF), and the two variables derived from incremental cycle cardio - pulmonary exercise, as well as between EF and τ; while NYHA class groups were well correlated w ith τ duration (r=0.92, p=0.0001). Doxazosin and tadalafil also significantly reduced τ. In conclusion, the O2 consumption kinetics during the on transition of constant load exercise below the anaerobic threshold are highly sensitive to endothelial functi on in muscular microcirculation, and constitute a marker for the evaluation of endothelial dysfunction. and D. Maione, A. F. G. Cicero, S. Bacchelli, E. R. Cosentino, D. Degli Esposti, D. N. Manners, E. R. Rinaldi, M. Rosticci, R. Senaldi, E. Ambrosioni, C. Borghi.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

29885. The war conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the phenomenon of ethnic cleansing

Creator:
Žíla, Ondřej
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
ethnic cleansing, genocide, civil war, Bosnia, and Herzegovina
Language:
English
Description:
The article is deals with ethnic cleansing, that is, the violent methods that constituted the central element of the civil war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1990s. The article aims to show the fatal consequences of the military operations that were conducted with the aim of the ethnic homogenisation of the individual territories, and were rooted in the differences in the demographic development of the constituent peoples (the Serbs, Croatians, and Muslim Bosniaks) of Bosnia and Herzegovina before the outbreak of the confl ict and the impact of this development on the transformation of the ethnic composition of the individual regions. After defi ning the terms ''ethnic cleansing'' and ''genocide,'' the author analyses the character and extent of the violent local homogenisation that led to the greatest refugee crisis in Europe since the end of the Second World War. On the basis of a summary of the individual stages of the ethnic cleansing during the war from 1992 to 1995, the author seeks to demonstrate that the civil war in Bosnia and Herzegovina at fi rst erupted mainly in places that had, during the last two decades before the breakup of Yugoslavia, manifested the most striking changes in the ethnic representation of the constituent nations (chiefl y the Eastern Orthodox Serbs and the Muslims). In the second part of the text, the author focuses on analysing the strategic interests of the elites of the Serbs, Croats, and Bosniaks and the forms these interests took during the violent ethnic homogenisation of the territory under their military control.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

29886. The water retention of a granite rock fragments in High Tatras stony soils

Creator:
Novák, Viliam and Šurda, Peter
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
stony soil, rock fragments, granite, water holding capacity, retention curve, soil water, High Tatras, skeletovité pôdy, častice skeletu, žula, retenčná vodná kapacita, retenčná krivka, pôdna voda, and Vysoké Tatry
Language:
Slovak
Description:
The water retention capacity of coarse rock fragments is usually considered negligible. But the presence of rock fragments in a soil can play an important role in both water holding capacity and in hydraulic conductivity as well. This paper presents results of maximum water holding capacity measured in coarse rock fragments in the soil classified as cobbly sandy loam sampled at High Tatra mountains. It is shown, that those coarse rock (granite) fragments have the maximum retention capacity up to 0.16 volumetric water content. Retention curves of the four particular granite fragments have shown water capacity available for plants expressed in units of volumetric water content of 0.005 to 0.072 in the soil water potential range (0, -0.3 MPa). Available water capacity of stone fragments can contribute to the available water capacity of soil fine earth considerably and help to plants to survive during dry spells. and Hodnoty vodnej retenčnej kapacity hrubozrnných častíc skeletu v pôdach sa zvyčajne považujú za zanedbateľné. Avšak prítomnosť častíc skeletu v pôdach môže významne ovplyvňovať hodnoty vodnej kapacity pôdy ako aj jej hydraulickej vodivosti. Tento príspevok prezentuje výsledky merania maximálnej vodnej kapacity skeletu obsiahnutého v pôde. Pôdne vzorky boli odoberané v lokalite FIRE, Vysoké Tatry. Podľa meraní, hodnoty maximálnej retenčnej kapacity skeletu dosahovali 0,16 objemovej vlhkosti. Na základe retenčných kriviek pre 4 vybrané žulové kamene môžeme povedať, že hodnoty využiteľnej vodnej kapacity, vyjadrené v jednotkách objemu vody v pôde sa pohybovali od 0,005 do 0,072 pre vodný potenciál pôdy od 0 do -0,3 MPa. Využiteľná vodná kapacita častíc skeletu takto môže významne doplňovať využiteľnú vodnú kapacitu jemnozeme a pomáha rastlinám prežiť suché obdobia.
Rights:
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29887. The ways of enrichment and its interpretations in Hungarian politics after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867

Creator:
Cieger, András
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
enrichment, corruption, changing norms (legal, political and moral), discourse, party politics, Hungary, and Compromise Era
Language:
Czech
Description:
The principal questions of this case study concern the birth of a new political regime, the first years of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise: which legal, political and moral norms regulated the enrichment of politicians and where contemporary discourse posited the limits of corruption. The article answers these questions through the analysis of the cases of some Hungarian politicians. The author explores the varied sources available about the incriminating affairs: archival materials, personal documents, and newspapers, together with a number of literary representations of the problem. The historical data serve to demonstrate that corruption is an elastic notion. Studying the discourse of corruption highlights that neither the seriousness of the deed nor the truth of the accusations was important, in fact political situation alone determined if the politicians would be blackened or not. The Compromise Era offers a number of examples of the establishment of this new form of political infighting and its first successful application. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

29888. The Western Bohemia uppermost crust rayleigh wave tomography

Creator:
Kolínský, Petr and Johana Brokešová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, geofyzika, geophysics, Čechy západní (Česko), Bohemia, Western (Czechia), group velocity, frequency-time analysis, multiple filtering, Rayleigh wave tomography, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
We apply a traditional method of surface wave tomography as a new approach to investigate the uppermost crust velocities in the Western Bohemia region (Czech Republic). It enables us to look for velocity distribution in a small scale of tens of kilometers. We measure Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion curves in a period range 0.25 - 2.0 s along paths crossing the region of interest. We use modified multiple-filtering method for frequency-time analysis. We compute 2-D tomography maps of group velocity distribution in the region for eight selected periods using the standard methods and programs described in literature. We discuss the velocity distribution with respect to results of former study by Nehybka and Skácelová (1997). We present a set of local dispersion curves which may be further inverted to obtain a 3-D shear wave velocity image of the area., Petr Kolínský and Johana Brokešová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

29889. The whole-part dilemma: a compositional understanding of Plato’s theory of Forms

Creator:
Soo Park, Seong
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Plato, Parmenides, theory of Forms, and one and many
Language:
Slovak
Description:
In this paper, I suggest a way of resolving the whole-part dilemma suggested in the Parmenides. Specifically, I argue that grabbing the second horn of the dilemma does not pose a significant challenge. To argue for this, I consider two theses about Forms, namely, the oneness and indivisibility theses. More specifically, I argue that the second horn does not violate the oneness thesis if we treat composition as identity and that the indivisibility thesis ought to be reinterpreted given Plato’s later dialogues. By doing so, I suggest a compositional understanding of Plato’s theory of Forms, which can resolve the whole-part dilemma.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

29890. The wisent (Bison bonasus, Bovidae) as an intermediate host of three Sarcocystis species (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) of cattle

Creator:
Odening, K., Wesemeier, H.-H., Walter, G., and Bockhardt, I.
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
Sarcocystis cruzi, S. hirsuta, S. hominis, Bison bonasus, and zoo
Language:
English
Description:
Sarcocysts were found in muscle tissue of a wisent (Bison bonasus) which was born and kept in Germany. Light microscopic and ТЕМ examination revealed all the Ihrcc named species known from cattle: Sarcocystis cruzi („thin-walled“, with longer hairlike villar protrusions of the primary cyst wall); S. hirsuta („thick-walled“, with tongue-like protrusions of the cyst wall arising with very short and narrow stalklets from the surface of the cyst and containing rows of electron-dense granules in the core); and S. hominis („thick-walled“, with fmger-like protrusions of the cyst wall not constricted at their base and containing few or no electron-dense granules). So far, only S. cruzi was known to occur in Bison bison in North America. The findings in the wisent strikingly support a modified conception of the intermediate host specificity in Bovinae. In this connection the identity of S. cruzi and S. poephagicanis is suggested as well as that of S. hirsuta and S. poepliagi.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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