This paper deals with a diffraction of electromagnetic waves by a plane screen aperture. Three methods, which are most frequently used in practice, are presented together with the corresponding general formulas that enable to evaluate vectors of electric and magnetic field. and Práce pojednává o difrakci elektromagnetického záření na otvoru v neprůhledném stínítku. Jsou uvedeny tři nejužívanější způsoby popisu této problematiky s příslušnými obecnými vztahy, které umožňují výpočet vektorů intenzity elektrického a magnetického pole.
Over the past decades, the in vitro use of pluripotent cell lines gained a crucial role in toxicology, preclinical drug testing and developmental biology. NTERA2 clone D1 cells were identified as pluripotent cells with high potential for neural differentiation. Although they are commonly used cellular sources in neuropharmacology and neurodevelopmental studies, their endodermal and mesodermal differentiation potential awaits further characterization. Here, we devised improved protocols for hepatogenic and osteogenic differentiation of NTERA2 clone D1 cells. Our in vitro differentiation assays showed significant up-regulation of multiple hepatogenic markers. We also observed robust mineralization and osteogenic marker expression of NTERA2 clone D1 cells upon in vitro osteogenic induction. These results suggest that NTERA2 clone D1 cells may be utilized as an in vitro model system to study various aspects of liver biology and osteogenesis. In addition, tri-lineage differentiation of NTERA2 clone D1 cells may serve as a simple experimental control system when validating pluripotency of other cell types.
Interactions involving host plants (cowpea, groundnut, cotton, sunflower, greengram, blackgram) an insect herbivore, black legume aphid Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and a predator, the zigzag beetle Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were investigated during 2014-2015. The preference of the aphid A. craccivora for host plants measured in terms of growth and multiplication was cowpea > groundnut > greengram > blackgram > sunflower > cotton (most preferred to least preferred). Cowpea was the most preferred host plant for growth and multiplication of A. craccivora. Aphid's oviposition period was longest, fecundity greatest; adult longevity longest (188.40 ± 28.87 h; 52.00 ± 10.92; 231.60 ± 40.41 h), and nymphal mortality was lowest (0%) when reared on cowpea followed by groundnut, greengram and blackgram. Aphids had highest nymphal mortality (100%), with very few or no live adults produced, when reared on sunflower and cotton, the least preferred host of A. craccivora in this study. At the third trophic level, both the larvae and the adults of the coccinellid, Cheilomenes sexmaculata, consumed more of the aphids reared on groundnut than of those reared on blackgram, greengram, cowpea, sunflower and cotton. The biochemical constituents (phenols) present in cotton and sunflower, which contributed to the aphid's nymphal mortality, also affected the feeding behaviour of the coccinellid., Snehasish Routray, Karnam V. Hari Prasad., and Obsahuje bibliografii
One new and three previously described species of Trianchoratus Price et Berry, 1966 were collected from the gills of Channa lucius (Cuvier) and Channa striata (Bloch) from the Bukit Merah Reservoir, Perak and Endau-Rompin, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. They are Trianchoratus longianchoratus sp. n., T. malayensis Lim, 1986 and T. pahangensis Lim, 1986 from C. lucius, and T. ophicephali Lim, 1986 from C. striata. The new species differs from the Trianchoratus species hitherto described from channids and anabantoids in having two ventral anchors with a long curved inner root and one dorsal anchor with a curved inner root and lacking an outer root. A table summarizing the known species of heteronchocleidins (Trianchoratus, Eutrianchoratus and Heteronchocleidus) and Sundanonchus reported from fish hosts of different families (Channidae, Helostomatidae, Anabantidae and Osphronemidae) is provided.
Tribute to Jean Lavorel (16 March 1928–12 January 2021), a pioneer of the ‘Light Reactions of Photosynthesis’. He was known not only for his ingenuity in devising new instruments but in thoroughly analyzing all the available data theoretically and mathematically – mostly all by himself. He measured, elegantly, oxygen evolution and light given off by photosynthetic organisms, both prompt and delayed chlorophyll fluorescence. He ingeniously used these data to understand how light energy is converted to chemical energy in natural systems. We present below a summary of his life and research.
Variabilitu druhové diverzity nočních motýlů a jejich početnosti monitorovala 30 let trvající studie (od roku 1981) za pomoci dvou světelných lapačů ve středu mokřadní olšiny Černiš (49º00΄ N, 14º26΄ E) v jižních Čechách a v nedaleké zemědělské krajině s rybníky. Během výzkumu bylo identifikováno více než 920 druhů nočních motýlů. Sledována byla druhová pestrost, bionomie, okruh živných rostlin a především populační dynamika. Rozhodující data bylo možné získat jen na základě dlouhodobého monitorovacího projektu v biotopově chráněném území. Přehled výsledků a bibliografie viz Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 1(2): 155-163 (2008). and The temporal variability of moth diversity and abundance has been monitored for the last 30 years since 1981 by nightly light trapping during the growing seasons of the alder carr wetland in South Bohemia (49º00΄ N, 14º26΄ E). The moth community of identified 920 species was analysed for species richness, bionomic (selection) strategies and population dynamics. The long term monitoring data obtained are critical for predicting patterns of wetland biodiversity and conservation implementations. For the project outlines and bibliography see Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 1(2): 155-163 (2008).