This paper considers various approaches to love and morality in Protestant society in the late 18th century, as illustrated in Czechlanguage religious and educational literature (Korunka, aneb Wjnek Pannenský wssechněm pobožným a sslechetným Pannám toho Gazyku užjwagjcým, Litomyšl 1784; Kazatel Domovnj, Brno 1783). Our focus is on divine love, man’s love of God, marital love, parental and filial love, and definitions of immorality. We also examine some contemporary reactions to religious and educational writings in the memoirs of one of their readers, the rural preacher and Bible scholar Tomáš Juren (1750-1829), as well as the differences between the Christian confessions in their attitude to the emotions., Sixtus Bolom-Kotari., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The paper deals with the topic of evangelical preachers of the Helvetic and the Augsburg Confession coming from the Hungarian part of the Habsburg Monarchy, after the Patent of Toleration was issued, and establishing tolerance evangelical congregations in Bohemia and Moravia. Based on studying the sources of particular tolerance Czech congregations (for example Moraveč, Humpolec, Dvakačovice, Lozice, Raná, Sány, Prague), the process of forming a new social stratum of the petty intelligentsia, whose creation was conditioned by the Enlightenment reforms, is outlined. The text shows how the Hungarian preachers made the first contacts with the emerging evangelical communities, gives an idea of the circumstances of their arrival, describes the way of their adapting to an unfamiliar environment and their effort to stabilize the congregations. These particular findings are generalized in order to define some common characteristics typical of this group of Enlightenment intellectuals., Gabriela Krejčová Zavadilová a Hana Stoklasová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The article lays out Jonathan Israel’s central ideas on the European Enlightenment, as they have been developed in his Radical Enlightenment (2001), Enlightenment Contested (2006) and A Revolution of the Mind (2009). I explain his ‘controversialist method’ of intellectual history and point out the advantages and faults of this approach. Israel’s model of the heterogeneous Enlightenment is shown as a response to A. MacIntyre’s postmodern criticism, and to the older models of a ‘single Enlightenment’, as presented by P. Gay, or older models of multiple enlightenments, as presented by J. G. Pocock. However, Israel’s heterogeneous Enlightenment recognizes just one progenitor of the positive ‘modern values’, which is identified with the Radical wing. The article reviews Israel’ s narrative of the development and spread of the Radical Enlightenment in Europe and the struggles with the Enlightenment mainstream and within the Enlightenment mainstream. However, I also show some faults in Israel’s argument, mainly his view of the ‘secular morality’, which should have been the outcome of the Radical Enlightenment’s campaign. In conclusion, I point at the inconsistency of Israel’s reconstruction of the Enlightenment morals and the differences between his view and J. Schneewind’s interpretation., Ivo Cerman., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Studie se zabývá formováním konkrétní expertní kultury, která hrála významnou úlohu v procesu utváření institucí a mechanismů vládnutí v Československu v padesátých letech dvacátého století. Autor zkoumá, jak českoslovenští právní vědci zasahovali do procesu ''budování socialismu''. V úvodní části textu se věnuje vývoji institucionálního zázemí právní vědy ve struktuře Československé akademie věd (ČSAV). Na příkladu Ústavu státu a práva ČSAV ukazuje, jak vznikaly společenskovědní instituce, které měly odpovídat nárokům nové socialistické vědy, a současně dokládá vzrůstající význam expertního vědění pro státněsocialistické vládnutí. Ve druhé části článku se věnuje diskusi o "československé revoluci" a ''lidové demokracii'', přičemž dává nahlédnout do teoretického zázemí socialistické vědy o státu a právu. Několik let trvající polemika ukázala, že jednou z oblastí sporu byla otázka možností přizpůsobení marxisticko-leninské teorie československým podmínkám a československé historické zkušenosti. Z diskuse také vyplynulo, že nejdůležitější formou socialistického vládnutí byl pro diskutující teoretiky socialistický stát jako institucionální výsledek revolučních proměn a nezpochybnitelný organizační rámec lidové demokracie. Závěrečná část článku představuje právní vědce jako experty a zkoumá jejich podíl na vzniku takzvané socialistické ústavy z roku 1960., This article is concerned with the formataion of the culture of experts, wich played an important role in the process of shaping institutions and mechanisms of government in Czechoslovakia in the 1950s. The author explores how Czechoslovak legal theorists continuously intervened in the process of ''building Socialism''. He begins by considering the development of the institutional basis of jurisprudence in the structure of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. Using the example of the Institute of State and Law at the Academy, he demonstrates how social-science institutions were created to meet the demands of new, socialist scholarship, and also to demonstrate the growing importance that expert knowledge had for State Socialist government. In the second part of the article, he considers debates about the ''Czechoslovak revolution'' and ''people democracy'' providing insight on the theoretical basis of Socialist scholarship on the State and law. The debates, which lasted several years, demonstrate that a key area of disagreement was the question of adapting Marxist-Leninist theory to Czechoslovak conditions and Czechoslovak historical experience. It was also clear from the debates that the most important form of Socialist government was, in the theorists´ view, the Socialist State as an institutional consequence of revolutionary transformation and the indubitable organizational framework of people´s democracy. The last part discusses legal theorists as experts and considers their role in the framing of the ''Socialist Constitution'' of 1960., Vítězslav Sommer., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy