Number of results to display per page
Search Results
742. Maurus Joseph Haberhauer a Pavel Josef Marek: řádoví skladatelé druhé poloviny 18. století
- Creator:
- Veselá, Irena
- Format:
- print, text, regular print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Haberhauer, Maurus, 1746-1799, Marek, Pavel Josef, 1748-1806, 18. století, benediktini, augustiniáni, hudba, klasicismus (hudba), Benedictines, Augustinians, music, classicism (music), Morava (Česko), Moravia (Czechia), 8, and 94(437)
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- The second half of the 18th century marked an extraordinary flowering of music, especially church music in the Czech lands. Monastic churches, in particular, were characterised by a high level of music production performed by choral scholars whose liturgical music was conducted by chosen monks. Some members of religious orders also composed. These were for example M. J. Haberhauer (1746-1799), a member of the Benedictine order situated in Rajhrad near Brno and P. J. Marek (1748-1806) who belonged to the Augustinian monastery in Brno. Both of them got a musical education as choral scholars and remained musically active also after entering orders. Eventually these two authors both performed as chorregents in the 70’s and early 80’s of the 18th century and they collected sacred and secular pieces of music of their more famous and popular contemporaries (C. Ditters, F. X. Brixi, Haydn, etc.). Apart from a few exceptions they were only composing liturgical works. Haberhauer bequeathed 90 compositions, most of whom composed of Mass for choir and solo accompanied with instrumental ensemble as well as vespers and motets. Marek, however, composed only 21 church compositions and most of them consist of Marian antiphons and litanies of Loreto. These were necessary at the Augustinians, given the honor rendered to the picture of Virgin Mary placed in their church. The two monasteries ran a mutual cooperation which can be proved by Haberhauer music collection preserved at Augustinians in Brno. Haberhauer work can be also found in the collections of other Moravian churches and also at Prague Benedictine order. While Marek’s compositions were exclusively connected to the Augustinian monastery in Brno. Their pieces of music are purely purposeful showing features of a musical classicism. Lives and works of both composers are now the subject of research of the author and of Pavel Žůrek from the Ins, Irena Veselá., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
743. Maxmilian, císař mexický
- Creator:
- Václav Řezníček
- Publisher:
- Nákladem Ústředního zemědělského knihkupectví (A. Neubert)
- Format:
- print, text, regular print, and 116 s. ; 19 cm
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Dějiny Střední Ameriky a Karibské oblasti, Biografie, mexický císař, Maxmilián, 1832-1867, 19. století, 1864-1867, panovníci, Mexiko, dějiny, 929.731, 94(721/727), (049), 8, 94(72), and 929
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- podává Vácslav Řezníček
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
744. Mechanismus vášní v "économie animale": k otázce vášní duše v osvícenské medicíně
- Creator:
- Tinková, Daniela
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- láska, melancholie, osvícenství, fyziologie, psychiatrie, love, melancholy, enlightenment, physiology, psychiatry, vášně duše, passions of soul, 8, and 94(437)
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- The aim of this study is to show how the emotions - in particular the so-called "passions of the soul" - were understood and interpreted in the medical thinking of the late Enlightenment. We focus chiefly on three innovations in 18th century medicine: the "discovery" of the neuro-cerebral system (the ’birth’ of neurology); the search for the "seat" of illnesses in particular organs (the "birth" of pathological anatomy); and the gradual separation of the body and the soul as objects of medical enquiry (the "birth of psychiatry). We consider whether, and to what extent, these innovations contributed to the breakdown of the "old" diagnostic paradigms of the "passions of the soul", or whether in fact they helped to maintain them. We also discuss to what extent the consideration of these passions fostered a new approach to the relationship between the body and the soul in Enlightenment medicine. Some of the phenomena studied are illustrated by specific examples of (erotic) love and melancholy. and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
745. Medical provision in the convents of poor clares in late eighteenth-century Hungary
- Creator:
- Pataki, Katalin
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- zdravotní péče, hmotná kultura, farmacie, klarisky, health care, material culture, pharmacy, Clares, Rakousko (1526-1804), Austrian monarchy (1526-1804), konventní prostory, ošetřovny, josefínské sistace klášterů, convent spaces, infirmary, Josephist Convent dissolutions, 8, and 94(437)
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The article sets into focus the everyday practices of caring the sick in the Poor Clares’ convents of Bratislava, Trnava, Zagreb, Buda and Pest with a time scope focused on the era of Maria Theresa’s and Joseph II’s church reforms. It evinces that each convent had an infirmary, in which the sill nuns could be separated from the rest of the community and nursed according to the instructions of a doctor, but the investigation of the rooms and their equipment also reveals significant differences among them. While the infirmary was merely a sickroom with three or four beds in the case of the smaller communities of Zagreb and Pest, the bigger convents’ infirmaries - that accommodated nine-twelve patients - consisted of a complex set of interconnected spaces with various functions, including storage rooms, cooking facilities and places for making medicine. The infirmary chapels of Bratislava and Trnava and the liturgical equipment in the bigger, hall-like sickroom in Buda represent the interconnectedness of spiritual and medical care. The study also sheds light on possible correlations between self-supply and services provided by external lay practitioners, as it presents the strategies of the convents to reduce medical expenses, e.g. by producing medicaments, accepting novices with surgical-apothecary knowledge or contracting surgeons and physicians for a fixed annual salary. Finally, the paper points towards further research directions suggesting a more sophisticated analysis of the correlations between the nuns’ demand for proper medical care and their agency at the time of the abolition of their order in 1782., Katalin Pataki., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
746. Měly "plebejské" kořeny inteligence význam pro tvářnost národa?
- Creator:
- Hroch, Miroslav
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- inteligence (vrstva), národní hnutí, intelligentsia, nationalist movement, byrokratizace, sociální skladba, bureaucratization, social composition, 8, and 94(437)
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- The aim of this paper is to point out that the growing need for well‐educated citizens in the increasingly bureaucratized 18th Century, in itself a wellknown phenomenon, should be seen in a wider context. First, we must consider how it relates to the gradual emergence of the modern European nationstate; and secondly, to the cultural and political consequences of social stratification. In nations with a cohesive social structure and, in some cases, a tradition of statehood, the growing numbers and importance of the new intelligentsia were primarily the result of an expansion of existing elites drawing on their own social class. In emerging nations formed largely through nationalist movements, on the other hand, the process was accompanied by the upward mobility of young men from the middle and lower middle classes. In some nations, such as the Czechs and the Finns, these were often the sons of petit bourgeois and artisan families; but in the majority of cases the emergent national intelligentsia found its recruits chiefly among farmers and the rural population as a whole (Lithuania, Estonia). Understandably, this distinction led to differences in the formation of national stereotypes, political cultures and attitudes to social organization. The use of the term "plebeian intelligentsia" in this context is meant as a typological characteristic rather than a pejorative label., Miroslav Hroch., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
747. Memoria et damnatio memoriae ve středověku, edd. Martin Nodl, Piotr Węcowski
- Creator:
- Tomáš Borovský
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- medievalistika, medievalistics, 8, and 930
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- [autor anotace] Tomáš Borovský.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
748. Memoriál k poctě Karla Stejskala (20. 1. 1931 - 16. 4. 2014)
- Creator:
- František Šmahel
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Stejskal, Karel, 1931-2014, historiografie, osobnosti, vzpomínky, historiography, celebrities, recalls, Česko, Czechia, 8, and 930
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Za redakci František Šmahel.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
749. Menšiny a revize výkladu českých poválečných dějiny
- Creator:
- Šimková, Pavla
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- od 1945, národnostní menšiny, marginální skupiny, menšinová politika, Československo, national minorities, marginal groups, minority politics, Czechoslovakia, 8, and 94(437)
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Mladý historik Matěj Spurný v monografii Nejsou jako my: Česká společnost a menšiny v pohraničí (1945–1960) (Praha, Antikomplex 2011) podle autorky odvedl výtečnou práci při výzkumu postavení tří vybraných menšin – neodsunutých Němců, Romů a volyňských Čechů – v českém pohraničí v patnácti letech od skončení druhé světové války. Zaměřil se přitom hlavně na vývoj postojů většinové společnosti vůči těmto menšinám a na jejich roli v rámci politiky československého státu, respektive Komunistické strany Československa. Jeho analýze různých úrovní tématu, práci se zdroji i přesnému a promyšlenému užívání pojmů nelze nic vytknout. Jádro knihy ale podle autorky spočívá ve zpochybnění stávajícího paradigmatu při výkladu poválečných československých dějin. Týká se to převládajícího dichotomického zobrazování vládnoucího režimu a ovládané společnosti jako dvou oddělených entit a periodizace poválečných dějin Československa s klíčovým mezníkem v únoru 1948. Spurný svůj „revizionistický pohled“ dokládá rozborem legitimizačních strategií komunistické strany ve vztahu k menšinám a vyzvednutím dlouhodobějších vývojových kontinuit., In his book, Nejsou jako my: Česká společnost a menšiny v pohraničí (1945–1960) (They Are Not Like Us: Czech Society and Minorities in the Borderlands, 1945–90; Prague: Antikomplex, 2011), the young historian Matěj Spurný has, according to the author, done excellent work in researching three selected minorities in the Czech borderlands in the first fifteen years since the end of the Second World – the ethnic Germans who were not expelled, the Roma, and the Volhynian Czechs. He focuses mainly on the development of the attitudes of majority society towards these minorities and on their role in the politics of the Czechoslovak state and the Czechoslovak Communist Party. His analysis of the various levels of the subject, his work with the primary sources, and his precise, well-considered use of terms are faultless. But, according to the author, the core of the publication is based on questioning the existing paradigm in the interpretation of post-war Czechoslovak history. This mainly concerns the predominant dichotomous depiction of the régime and society as two separate entities and the periodization of post-war Czechoslovak history with the milestone as February 1948. Spurný supports his ‘revisionist view’ with an analysis of the legitimating strategies of the Communist Party in relation to the minorities, and emphasizes the long-term continuities., Pavla Šimková., and Tři hlasy k jedné knize
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
750. Menšiny za komunismu: dvě úvahy nad knihou Matěje Spurného
- Creator:
- Kateřina Čapková
- Format:
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- od 1945, národnostní menšiny, komunismus, menšinová politika, Československo, national minorities, communism, minority politics, 8, and 94(437)
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Kniha Matěje Spurného Nejsou jako my: Česká společnost a menšiny v pohraničí (1945–1960) (Praha, Antikomplex 2011) podle autorky obohacuje českou historiografii o analýzu státní politiky vůči menšinám v poválečném českém pohraničí, nevypovídá však přitom ani tak o těchto menšinách a periferii jako spíš o většinové společnosti a centru. Spurný skvěle analyzuje jazyk propagandy a nacionalistické ideologie, vnáší do české historiografie nová stěžejní témata a významně přispívá do diskuse o charakteru komunistického režimu. Autorka se ovšem ve svých úvahách soustředí na teoretický rámec knihy. Problematizuje Spurného vymezení menšiny, v němž se dle jejího soudu nereflektovaně mísí sociálněkonstruktivistický přístup s objektivistickým pojetím založeným na přesvědčení o existenci konkrétních kritérií etnicity. Menšiny, které jsou předmětem jeho studia, ve skutečnosti nebyly vyčleněny na základě objektivních národních znaků, ale na základě hledisek, jimiž je poměřovala většinová společnost a její reprezentace. Ve druhé úvaze pak autorka vede diskusi o postavení národnostních menšin za komunismu, zejména o menšinové politice v Sovětském svazu. Ta je podle ní ve své až extrémní rozpornosti těžko uchopitelná, za její nejvýraznější rys však považuje umělou konstrukci etnických menšin. Tato skutečnost mimo jiné problematizuje zásluhy komunistického režimu o emancipaci menšin, jak o nich píše Spurný v souvislosti s československými Romy., According to the author of this article, Matěj Spurný’s Nejsou jako my: Česká společnost a menšiny v pohraničí (1945–1960) (They Are Not Like Us: Czech Society and Minorities in the Borderlands, 1945–60; Prague: Antikomplex, 2011) enriches Czech historiography with its analysis of state policy on minorities in the Czech borderlands after the Second World War. But the work says less about these minorities and the periphery than it does about majority society and the centre. Spurný provides a superb analysis of the language of propaganda and nationalist ideology, introduces key new topics into Czech writing about history, and contributes importantly to the discussion about the nature of the Czechoslovak Communist régime. By contrast, she concentrates on the theoretical framework of Spurný’s book, and takes issue with his definition of ‘minority’, in which, according to her, he unthinkingly combines a social-constructivist approach with an objectivist conception based on his belief in the existence of real criteria of ethnicity. The minorities that are the topic of Spurný’s book were not, she argues, actually excluded on the basis of objective national (or ethnic) features, but on the basis of perspectives by which majority society and its representatives gauged them. The author then discusses the status of national minorities under Communist régimes, particularly minority policy in the Soviet Union. That, according to her, in its extremely contradictory nature, is hard to comprehend, but she considers its most striking feature to be the artificial construct of ethnic minorities. This fact makes problematic, among other things, any credit that the Communist régime is allegedly due for having emancipated minorities, as Spurný writes they had done in connection with the Roma of Czechoslovakia., Kateřina Čapková., and Tři hlasy k jedné knize
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public