V kazuistike opisujeme prípad 49-ročného muža od detstva morbídne obézneho (BMI 40 kg/m2), s artériovou hypertenziou (asi od 15 rokov, liečená od roku 2004), dyslipidémiou (od roku 2006), diabetes mellitus 2. typu (od roku 2006, na inzulinoterapii od roku 2008) a fajčením (do roku 2011, 20 cigariet denne). Liečba: 16 druhov liekov, 8 na hypertenziu, statín, liečba diabetu, aspirín, alopurinol. V roku 2010 (ako 45-ročný) hospitalizovaný na našej klinike pre dyspnoe a bolesti na hrudníku s hodnotou krvného tlaku 180/110 mm Hg (zistené srdcové zlyhávanie s ejekčnou frakciou ĽK 33 %, vo funkčnej triede NYHA II, echokardiograficky: ľavá predsieň: 46 mm, rozmer ľavej komory v diastole: 70 mm, interventrikulárne septum: 12 mm, hypokinéza septa, dopplerovská ultrasonografia artérií dolných končatín (kalcifikácie, difúzne aterosklerotické zmeny, neprítomná stenóza), CT koronárna angiografia (signifikantná stenóza ľavej koronárnej artérie). Zahájená liečba perorálny furosemid 40 mg denne. V máji roku 2011 hospitalizovaný pre akútny koronárny syndróm: akútny NSTEMI spodnej steny (koronarografia: 2-cievne postihnutie, realizovaná PKI, implantovaný DES – ramus circumflexus, paroxyzmus fibrilácie predsiení, funkčná trieda NYHA III, ľavokomorová ejekčná frakcia: 30 %, pľúcna hypertenzia). V roku 2012 realizovaná renálna denervácia pre rezistentnú hypertenziu, implantovaný karotický stent pre stenózu karotickej artérie, prítomná diabetická nefropatia (KDOQI 3. stupňa, GF 40 ml/min). V auguste roku 2014 hospitalizovaný na našej klinike pre pľúcny edém, kardiogénny šok, akútnu ischémiu pravého predkolenia pri periférnej embolizácii, prítomný atriálny flutter, zhoršenie renálnych parametrov, echokardiograficky: ľavá predsieň: 55 mm, rozmer ľavej komory: 75 mm, akinéza septa a zadnej steny, oklúzia artérií pravej dolnej končatiny (vzhľadom na vážny stav pacienta kontraindikovaná angiochirurgická intervencia, zvažovaná amputácia končatiny z vitálnej indikácie), pacient zomrel po 4 dňoch hospitalizácie na intenzívnej jednotke po neúspešnej liečbe. Kombinácia ochorení diabetes, hypertenzia a ischemická choroba srdca je častá a prognosticky vážna. Diabetes zvyšuje kardiovaskulárnu morbiditu a mortalitu, a preto by sme mali hľadať diabetes u všetkých kardiovaskulárnych pacientov., The case study describes a case of 49-year-old man with morbid obesity since childhood (BMI 40 kg/m2), arterial hypertension (approx. since aged 15, treated since 2004), dyslipidemia (since 2006), type 2 diabetes mellitus (since 2006, on insulin therapy since 2008) and smoking (until 2011, 20 cigarettes a day). Treatment: 16 types of medication, 8 for hypertension, statin, therapy for diabetes, aspirin, allopurinol. In 2010 (when aged 45) hospitalized in our clinic with dyspnoea and chest pain with a high pressure reading of 180/110 mm Hg (identified symptoms of heart failure with LV ejection fraction of 33 %, in NYHA II functional class, echocardiographically: left atrium: 46 mm, left ventricular chamber size in diastole: 70 mm, interventricular septum: 12 mm, septal hypokinesis, Doppler ultrasonography of lower limb arteries (calcification, diffuse atherosclerotic changes, absent stenosis), CT coronary angiography (significant stenosis of the left coronary artery). Treatment started with 40 mg oral dose of furosemide daily. In May 2011 he was hospitalized with an acute coronary syndrome: acute NSTEMI of the inferior wall (coronarography: 2-vascular problems, implemented PKI, implanted DES – ramus circumflexus, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, NYHA III functional class, left ventricular ejection fraction: 30 %, pulmonary hypertension). In 2012 renal denervation for resistant hypertension was carried out, carotid stent implanted for stenosis of the carotid artery, presence of diabetic nephropathy (KDOQI stage 3, GF 40 ml/min). In August 2014 admitted to our clinic with pulmonary oedema, cardiogenic shock, acute ischemia of the right calf with peripheral embolisation, presence of atrial flutter, impairment of renal parameters, echocardiographically: left atrium: 55 mm, left ventricle size: 75 mm, akinesis of the septum and posterior wall, occlusion of the right leg arteries (given the patient‘s serious state angio-surgical intervention was contraindicated, vitally indicated leg amputation considered), the patient died after 4 days of hospitalization in an intensive care unit after unsuccessful treatment. A combination of diabetes, hypertension and ischemic heart disease is frequent and prognostically serious. Diabetes increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and therefore we should check for diabetes in all cardiovascular patients., and Miroslav Pernický, Juraj Papinčák, Adriana Reptová, Soňa Kiňová, Ján Murín
Concha bullosa (CB) is among the most common anatomic variations of sinonasal anatomy. Although usually asymptomatic, CB can occasionally cause nasal obstruction or headache. Obstructions within the mucociliary transport system can develop into a mucocele or mucopyocele. A 48-year-old female, with a history of progressive headache and nasal obstruction, was referred to our department. Paranasal sinus tomography revealed a nasal mass in the left nasal cavity resembling a mucopyocele in the middle turbinate. Under general anesthesia, the purulent material was aspirated, and the lateral part of the left turbinate was resected. Mucopyoceles are common within the paranasal sinuses, but uncommon with CB; thus, they should be considered in patients with a large hyperemic nasal mass. and K. Sari, Z. K. Gencer, Y. Kantekin
Tuberkulózní postižení střev je v rozvinutých zemích vzácné onemocnění, které postihuje zejména imigranty a imunokompromitované pacienty. Klinický obraz může imitovat nitrobřišní infekce, nádorová onemocnění či Crohnovu chorobu. Diferenciální diagnostika Crohnovy choroby a břišní tuberkulózy může být pro klinika a patologa svízelná, v obou případech se jedná o chronický granulomatózní zánět s podobnou symptomatologií. Prezentujeme případ 53letého pacienta s perforační peritonitidou při tuberkulóze střeva, u kterého byla původně mylně diagnostikována Crohnova choroba. Průběh choroby, rozsah a povaha nálezu byly v každé fázi léčby příčinou kritických komplikací. S touto zkušeností předáváme i doporučení: břišní tuberkulózu zvažovat v diferenciálně diagnostické rozvaze každého chronického střevního onemocnění. Klíčová slova: střevní tuberkulóza − Crohnova choroba − kritické komplikace, Intestinal tuberculosis is a rare disease in developed countries, affecting mainly immigrants and immunocompromised patients. Clinical presentation may mimic many other abdominal diseases such as intra-abdominal infections, tumors, and Crohn´s disease. Differential diagnosis of Crohn´s disease and intestinal tuberculosis poses a dilemma to clinicians and pathologists as both are chronic granulomatous disorders with similar clinical features. We report the case of a 53 year-old man presenting with perforated intestinal tuberculosis in which the initial diagnostic work-up suggested Crohn´s disease. The severity of the findings resulted in critical complications during the course of treatment. This case points out the need for awareness of intestinal tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of chronic intestinal disease. Key words: intestine tuberculosis − Crohn´s disease − critical complications, and P. Bavor, P. Kocián, J. Hoch
Cysta choledochu je vzácné onemocnění, výrazně vyšší výskyt zaznamenáváme u asijské populace. Etiologie není zcela známa, avšak uvažuje se o spojení s anomáliemi v anatomii žlučových cest. Přestože je svojí povahou benigní, jedná se o prekancerózu s nebezpečím zvratu v karcinom žlučových cest. Jediným kurativním řešením je radikální chirurgické odstranění s rekonstrukcí žlučových cest. Autoři prezentují kazuistiku nemocné s cystou ductus hepatocholedochus typu I dle Todaniho klasifikace., Choledochal cyst is a rare disease with a considerably higher incidence found in the Asian population. Although its etiology is not completely known, the disease is believed to be associated with anomalies in the anatomy of the biliary tract. While being a benign unit, it is considered as a precancerosis with the risk of conversion to the biliary tract carcinoma. Radical surgical removal with biliary tract reconstruction is the only curative solution. The authors present the case report of a patient with choledochal cyst type I according to Todani, and J. Zeithaml, V. Třeška, J. Moláček, F. Heidenreich
Úvod: Česká republika zaujímá v incidenci kolorektálního karcinomu (KRK) čelní místo ve světě. Radikální odstranění nádoru představuje nejúčinnější část v rámci současné multimodální terapie. Autoři prezentují průběžné výsledky roboticky asistované léčby u nemocných s karcinomem rekta (KR). Metoda: Vlastní soubor obsahuje 61 roboticky operovaných pacientů pro KR. U posledních 31 pacientů byla data získávána prospektivně. Analyzovány byly epidemiologické údaje, perioperační ukazatele, komplikace a onkologické parametry. Výsledky: Roboticky asistovanou operační léčbu pro karcinom rekta na našem pracovišti podstoupilo 61 nemocných: 34 mužů a 27 žen průměrného věku 62 let (33–80 let). Neoadjuvantní onkologická léčba byla indikována u 46 % pacientů. Průměrná krevní ztráta činila 187 ml, u tří nemocných byly podány transfuzní přípravky. Šest operací jsme byli nuceni konvertovat, u 16 pacientů jsme zaznamenali komplikace. Insuficience anastomózy se vyskytla u 10 % pacientů, u 4 nemocných si stav vyžádal operační léčbu. Žádný nemocný nezemřel. Rekurenci maligního onemocnění jsme diagnostikovali u 3 (5 %) pacientů. U 27 nemocných byla (od roku 2013) stanovena kvalita mezorektální excize (ME) a metrické stanovení cirkumferentního resekčního okraje – (y)pCRO. Ve dvou případech byla potvrzena pozitivita (y)pCRO a přibližně u čtvrtiny operantů nebyla ME kompletní. Závěr: Chirurgická léčba je v interdisciplinárním terapeutickém procesu u KR klíčová. Naše průběžné výsledky jsou srovnatelné se závěry některých literárně uveřejněných sdělení. Da Vinci systém je bezpečným manipulátorem v léčbě KR a operatérovi přináší nesporné výhody při preparaci ve stísněném pánevním prostoru. V současnosti chybí zhodnocení přínosu robotické operativy pro pacienta v oblasti břišní chirurgie z dlouhodobého hlediska a s dostatečným počtem operantů, resp. vysokým stupněm evidence based medicine (EBM). Vysoká pořizovací cena přístroje, jednotlivých instrumentů s vybavením a nesystémová úhrada představují významnou překážku v širším využití robotického systému v léčbě KR i jiných abdominálních malignit v ČR., Introduction: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the Czech Republic is reported to be one of the highest on the global scale. Radical tumor removal has been observed to be the most effective part in the context of current multimodal therapy. The authors present their preliminary results of robotic assisted treatment of rectal carcinoma (RC). Method: The observed group includes 61 patients who underwent robotic assisted treatment for rectal cancer. The data were collected prospectively in the last 31 patients. Analyses were conducted on epidemiological data, perioperative outcomes, complications and oncological results. Results: Robotic assisted treatment of RC was performed in 61 patients: 34 men and 27 women, mean age of 62 years (33–80). Neoadjuvant oncological treatment was indicated in 46% of the patients. Average blood loss was 187 ml, transfusions were administered in three cases. Conversion to open procedure was performed 6 times, and 16 patients had postoperative complications. Anastomotic leak was observed in 10% of the patients, and 4 patients undewent surgical treatment. No patient died. Local recurrence of the cancer was diagnosed in 3 (5%) patients. The quality of mesorectal excision (ME) and the circumferential resection margin [(y)pCRM] have been determined in 27 patients since 2013. Positive (y)pCRM was recorded in two cases and incomplete ME was observed in 25.8% of the patients. Conclusion: Surgical treatment for RC is pivotal in multimodal therapy. Our preliminary results are similar to the conclusions in other published studies. The da Vinci robotic system is a safe manipulator in the treatment of RC and provides indisputable benefits to the surgeon when operating in the narrow pelvic space. However, the benefits of robotic treatment in abdominal surgery are yet to be evaluated in patients (with respect to long-term results, sufficient number of patients or a high EBM level of evidence). The high purchase price of the robotic device, individual instruments with equipment and non-systemic compensation constitute a significant hindrance that prevents wider use of the robotic system in the treatment of RC and other abdominal malignancies in the Czech Republic., and D. Langer, J. Kalvach, I. Tučková, J. Pudil, K. Menclová, M. Ryska
INTRODUCTION: Cellulitis remains a very serious disease even today. Mortality, which varied between 10-40%, has been reduced owing to the standard securing of airway patency and use of an appropriate surgical treatment approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 195 patients were hospitalised for cellulitis at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové during 2007-2011. The following parameters were evaluated: age, gender, dependence of incidence of the disease on the season of the year, frequency of attacks of the particular areas and their clinical characteristics, aetiology of the inflammation, types of patient complaints, prevalence of current systemic diseases, results of microbiological and selected laboratory analyses, socio-economic status of the patients, and duration of patient stay at the hospital. Statistical analysis was performed by using Pearson's correlation coefficient, the statistical significance level was p < 0.05. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 39.8 years. The group of 195 patients included 108 (55%) males and 87 (45%) females. The mean time between the first symptoms of the disease and admission to the Department was 5 days. From among the 195 patients, 116 (59.5%) were working persons, 79 (40.5%) were non-working (children, students, unemployed persons, women on maternity leave, retired people). The odontogenic origin of the disease was verified in 173 (88.7%) patients. In total, 65 (33.3%) patients had no coinciding complicating systemic disease, 22 (11.3%) patients had diabetes mellitus. The most frequent symptom of cellulitis was painful swelling, found in 194 (99.5%) patients, followed by jaw contracture, found in 153 (78.5%) patients. CONCLUSION: The results are largely very similar to those of previous studies performed in other countries, except that we found no correlation between the prevalence of cellulitis and the socio-economic status, nor have we confirmed Klebsiella pneumoniae sp. as the cause of cellulitis in patients with diabetes mellitus. and H. Doležalová, J. Zemek, L. Tuček
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a serious health issue and one of the world most devastating epidemics. An estimated 1.5 million people died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2013, and an estimated 37 million people with AIDS have died worldwide since the epidemic has begun. HIV infection is known for its oral manifestations which causes discomfort and pain for infected individuals. The objective of this study was to document oral conditions of HIV positive patients and the pattern and frequency of oral and dental lesions. METHODS: All patients with confirmed HIV infection who were treated at the Department of Dentistry, University Hospital in Hradec Králové, were examined. RESULTS: During the study period, 29 HIV positive patients were examined and treated--19 men, 10 women, with mean age of 32.9 years (range 22-58 years). 72.41% patients received ART. In total, all patients underwent 186 visits. The most frequent treatments were associated with teeth and periodontal lesions (71.80%), oral mucosal lesions were diagnosed and treated only in 3.96% cases. CONCLUSION: Since the introduction of ART, the frequency of oral mucosal lesions is minimal in patients with HIV infection. and M. Šembera, V. Radochová, R. Slezák
BACKGROUND: The goal of this prospective study was to determine the frequency of micrometastases in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx in whom elective neck dissection was indicated (cN0). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 12 patients (10 males and 2 females) were enrolled in the study. The age ranged 42-73 years (median 62 years). Elective neck dissection was performed in all patients (8 ipsilateral, 4 bilateral) and a total of 256 lymph nodes were removed and sent for microscopic examination. RESULTS: The presence of tumor cells in cervical lymph nodes was found in 5/12 (42%) patients. Micrometastases of SCC were found in two patients and isolated tumor cells (ITC) in two other patients. In the remaining one patient with oropharyngeal SCC, a micrometastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was detected. Positive lymph nodes were localized in level II in three patients with SCC of larynx, hypopharynx and tongue base, respectively, in level I in one patient with SCC of oral tongue and in level III in one patient with PTC. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that SCC of head and neck has a high potential for creating micrometastases which frequency is higher compared to clinically detected macrometastases. Therefore, elective neck dissection or radiotherapy of the neck should be considered in patients with high risk of occult metastases or micrometastases. and P. Čelakovský, D. Kalfeřt, K. Smatanová, V. Chrobok, J. Laco
AIM: The purpose of this study was to develop a revised version of the Brief Bedside Dysphagia Screening Test for determining penetration/aspiration risk in patients prone to dysphagia. The priority was to achieve high sensitivity and negative predictive value. METHODS: The study screeners conducted bedside assessment of the swallowing function in 157 patients with a neurological (mainly stroke) or an ear, nose, and throat diagnosis (mainly head and neck cancer). The results were compared with a gold standard, flexible endoscopic examination of swallowing. RESULTS: For the neurological subgroup (N = 106), eight statistically significant bedside assessment items were combined into the Brief Bedside Dysphagia Screening Test-Revised (BBDST-R). Cut-off score 1 produced the highest sensitivity (95.5%; 95% confidence interval CI [CI]: 84.9-98.7%) and negative predictive value (88.9%; 95% CI 67.2-96.9%). CONCLUSION: The BBDST-R is suitable for dysphagia screening in departments caring for patients with neurological conditions. and P. Mandysová, E. Ehler, J. Škvrňáková, M. Černý, I. Bártová, A. Pellant
Autoři ve své práci popisují kazuistiku 63leté pacientky s chronickým selháním ledvin při systémovém lupus erytematodes s vyčerpanými možnostmi cévních dialyzačních přístupů na horních končetinách, řešenou implantaci A-V zkratu na dolní končetině transponovanou vena femoralis superficialis jako první publikovaný výkon v České republice., The authors describe the case report of a 63 years old female patient with chronic renal failure in systemic lupus erythematosus. Vascular dialysis access in upper limbs could no more be used. The condition was approached by constructing an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in the thigh with transposed superficial femoral vein as the first procedure in the Czech Republic., and J. Buček, R. Staffa, Z. Kříž, R. Vlachovský