Attention has recently been focused on endothelial function after a single high-fat meal, i.e. on the anticipated direct atherogenic effect of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Our study was designed to investigate the effect of a low-fat diet given for four weeks followed by a high-fat diet for another four weeks. At the end of each dietary period, a non-invasive ultrasound investigation of endothelial function of the brachial artery was performed along with laboratory tests. Endothelial function was measured immediately before the dietary load and after three and six hours in 11 healthy volunteers. The results were expressed as percentage of the changes in artery diameter at rest and during hyperemia; the data were processed using computer technology. When compared to the low-fat regimen, the total cholesterol content rose after the high-fat diet from 4.28 mmol/l to 5.15 mmol/l (p<0.05) in the whole group of volunteers. There was no difference between both dietary regimens in baseline triglycerides. The brachial artery dilatation under basal conditions was 5.26±2.88 mm after the high-fat diet compared with the value of 3.13±3.01 mm (p<0.05) after the low-fat diet. When measured individually endothelial function in the whole group of volunteers in the course of the day, the degree of arterial dilatation after one month on low-fat diet was 3.13±3.0 %, 3.88±2.5 % and 5.23±3.3 % at single measurement. When comparing arterial dilatation at two closest measurements, a non-significant trend, p>0.05 was seen in either case. The following values were obtained after one month on the high-fat diet: 5.26±2.9 %, 4.47±1.7 %, and 6.2±3.6 %; again showing a non-significant trend of p>0.05. In this study, a single high-fat meal at the different dietary regimen did not significantly influence the vasoreactivity of the brachial artery in young volunteers., T. Šejda, J. Kovář, J. Piťha, R. Cífková, E. Švandová, R. Poledne., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Sudden death is a possible occurrence for newborns younger than 1 year with severe aortic coarctation (CoA) before surgical correction. In our previous study, we showed a significant increase of QTc-D and JTc-D in newborns with isolated severe aortic coarctation, electrocardiog raphic parameters that clinical and experimental studies have suggested could reflect the physiological variability of regional and ventricular repolarization and could provide a substrate for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of surgical repair of CoA on QTc-d, JTc-d in severe aortic coarctation newborns with no associated congenital cardiac malformations. The study included 30 newborns (18M; 70±12 h old) affected by severe congenit al aortic coarct ation, without associated cardiac malformation s. All newborns underwent to classic extended end-to-end repair. Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic measurements were performed in each patient 24 h before and 24 h afte r the interventional procedure and at the end of the follow-up period, 1 month after the surgical correction. All patients at baseline, 24 h and one month after CoA surgical repair did not significantly differ in terms of heart rate, weight, height, and echocardiographic parameters. There were no statistically significant differences in QTc-D (111.7±47.4 vs 111.9±63.8 ms vs 108.5±55.4 ms; P =0.4) and JTc-D (98.1±41.3 vs 111.4±47.5 vs 105.1±33.4 ms; P =0.3) before, 24 h and 1 month after CoA surgical correction. In conclusions, our study did not show a statistically signif icant decrease in QTc-D and JTc- D, suggesting the hypothesis that the acute left ventricular afterload reduction, related to successful CoA surgical correction, may not reduce the ventricular electrical instability in the short- term follow-up., G. Nigro ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Two different isolated skeletal muscles of Japanese quail were used. The influence of branched chain amino acids on the fractional rate of protein synthesis (FSR) was evaluated using 14C-tyrosine. The addition of 0.5 mM valine, leucine or isoleucine to the incubation medium significantly decreased (P<0.05) the value of FSR in extensor metacarpalis radialis. In the ambiens muscle only the application of leucine increased the FSR significantly while valine and isoleucine were without any effect., J. Antalíková, J. Jankela, M. Baranovská., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The increase of radical forms of mitochondrial respiratory chain compounds (MRCC) is an indicator of an increased risk of the formation of oxygen radicals. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), we found an increase of signals corresponding to ubisemichinone radical (·QH) and ironsulfur proteins radical forms (·FeS) of these respiratory chain compounds during ischemia in the isolated perfused rat heart (·QH increased from 1.51 to 3.08, ·FeS1 from 1.14 to 2.65 arbitrary units). During the 5-min reperfusion, the signals returned to normoxic levels. In isolated mitochondria exposed to anoxia and reoxygenation the radical forms of ·QH and ·FeS2 changed in a similar manner as in the intact heart. A combination of in vivo captopril treatment and in vitro L-arginine administration significantly decreased the levels of MRCC radicals in the isolated myocardium (·QH from 2.61 to 1.72 and ·FeS1 from 1.82 to 0.46 under normoxia; ·QH from 4.35 to 2.66 and ·FeS1 from 1.93 to 1.35 during ischemia). This decrease in MRCC radical forms was associated with increased NO levels in the perfusate, determined as NO2-/ NO3-, as well as tissue NO levels determined using EPR as the dinitrosyl iron complex (DNIC). These results provide new information about the cardioprotective effects of ACE inhibitors and L-arginine., H. Vavřínková, M. Tutterová, P. Stopka, J. Divišová, L. Kazdová, Z. Drahota., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Alcohol use has been identified as a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis. Eight male Wistar rats at two months of age were alcoho-fed (7.6 g 95 % ethanol/kg b.w. per day) to evaluate the effects of long-term administration (three months) of alcohol in drinking water. We have used a dose which is considered to be comparable to a dose of 1 liter of wine or 2.5 liters of 12° beer used in male adults daily. The bones were tested mechanically by a three-point bending test in a Mini Bionix (MTS) testing system. The bones from alcohol-fed rats were characterized by a reduction in bone density as well as in ash, calcium and phosphate content. In alcohol-fed rats the reduction in bone mineral density (10 %) was reflected by about 12 % reduction of mechanical strength of femur (158±5.5 vs. 178±3.2 N/mm2). Alcohol significantly altered femoral cortical thickness. In our experiment alcohol itself did not exert any antiandrogenic effect and it did not produce changes in the weight of seminal vesicles. Liver function test (GGT, ALP, AST) did not differ between alcohol-fed rats and control rats. Alcohol-induced bone loss is associated with increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. These results document the efficacy of alcohol at the dose of 7.6 g 95 % ethanol/kg b.w. to cause bone loss and loss of bone mechanical strength in intact rats. The results of the present study may be interpreted as supporting the hypothesis of alcohol as a risk factor for osteoporosis., P. D. Broulík ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The circadian rhythms of many behavioral and physiological functions are regulated by the major circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Long-term opiate addiction and drug withdrawal may affect circad ian rhythmicity of various hormones or the sleep/activity pattern of many experimental subjects; however, limited research has been done on the long -term effects of sustained opiate administration on the intrinsic rhythmicity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and pineal gland. Here we compared the effects of repeated daily treatment of rats with morphine or methadone and subsequent naloxone-precipitated withdrawal on the expression of the Per1, Per2, and Avp mRNAs in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and on arylalky lamine N-acetyltransferase activity in the pineal gland. We revealed that 10-day administration and withdrawal of both these drugs failed to affect clock genes and Avp expression in the SCN. Our results indicate that opioid-induced changes in behavioral a nd physiological rhythms originate in brain structures downstream of the suprachiasmatic nucleus regulatory output pathway. Furthermore, we observed that acute withdrawal from methadone markedly extended the period of high night AA -NAT activity in the pine al gland. This suggests that withdrawal from methadone, a widely used drug for the treatment of opioid dependence, may have stronger impact on melatonin synthesis than withdrawal from morphine., D. Pačesová, J. Novotný, Z. Bendová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Factors modulating cardiac susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) are permannetly attracting the attention of experimental cardiology research. We investigated, whether continuous 24 h/day light exposure of rats can modify cardiac response to I/R, NO-synthase (NOS) activity and the level of oxidative load represented by conjugated dienes (CD) concentration. Two groups of male adult Wistar rats were studied: controls exposed to normal light/dark cycle (12 h/day light, 12 h/day dark) and rats exposed to continuous light for 4 weeks. Perfused isolated hearts (Langendorff technique) were exposed to 25 min global ischemia and subsequent 30 min reperfusion. The recovery of functional parameters (coronary flow, left ventricular developed pressure, contractility and relaxation index) during reperfusion as well as the incidence, severity and duration of arrhythmias during first 10 min of reperfusion were determined. The hearts from rats exposed to continuous light showed more rapid recovery of functional parameters but higher incidence, duration and severity of reperfusion arrhythmias compared to controls. In the left ventricle, the NOS activity was attenuated, but the CD concentration was not significantly changed. We conclude that the exposure of rats to continuous light modified cardiac response to I/R. This effect could be at least partially mediated by attenuated NO production., R. Važan, P. Janega, S. Hojná, J. Zicha, F. Šimko, O. Pecháňová, J. Styk, L'. Paulis., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The aim of our work was to compare the effect of D-galactosamine (GalN) on primary cultures of lean and steatotic rat hepatocytes isolated from intact and fatty liver, respectively. GalN caused more severe injury to steatotic hepatocytes than to lean cells as documented by lactate dehydrogenase leakage. Necrotic mode of cell death strongly prevails over apoptosis since we did not observe any significant increase in activities of caspase 3, 8 and 9 in any group of hepatocytes treated with GalN. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and lipid peroxidation were elevated in a dose-dependent manner by GalN and were significantly more pronounced in fatty hepatocytes. A decrease in the percentage of hepatocytes with energized mitochondria was observed from 30 mM and 10 mM GalN in lean and steatotic hepatocytes, respectively. Our results undoubtedly indicate that steatotic hepatocytes exert higher sensitivity to the toxic effect of GalN. This sensitivity may be caused by more intensive GalN-induced ROS production and lipid peroxidation and by higher susceptibility of mitochondria to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in steatotic hepatocytes. In our experimental arrangement, apoptosis does not seem to participate considerably on hepatotoxic action of GalN in either group of hepatocytes., O. Kučera, H. Lotková, O. Sobotka Z. Červinková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Cardiac repolarization is prolonged in diabetes mellitus (DM), however the distribution of repolarization durations in diabetic hearts is unknown. We estimated the ventricular repolarization pattern and its relation to the ECG phenomena in diabetic mice. Potential mapping was performed on the anterior ventricular surface in healthy (n=18) and alloxan-induced diabetic (n=12) mice with the 64-electrode array. Activation times, end of repolarization times, and activation-recovery intervals (ARIs) were recorded along with limb lead ECGs. ARIs were shorter in the left as compared to right ventricular leads (P<0.05). The global dispersion of repolarization, interventricular and apicobasal repolarization gradients were greater in DM than in healthy animals (P<0.03). The increased dispersion of repolarization and apicobasal repolarization gradient in DM correlated with the prolonged QTc and Tpeak-Tend intervals, respectively. The increased ventricular repolarization heterogeneity corresponded to the electrocardiographic markers was demonstrated in DM., M. A. Vaykshnorayte, A. O. Ovechkin, J. E. Azarov., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
a1_Renal transplantation is associated with a large number of risk factors that can have an influe nce on early renal graft function (ERGF). One of these factors could be the increasing number of obese kidney donors. The mechanisms of reduced ERGF in obese kidney donors are still poorly understood. To that end, w e compared ERGF in recipients with body mass index (BMI), perivascular fat and plasma inflammation markers of live kidney donors. We hypothesi zed that the BMI of donors would negatively correlate with an average increase of glomerular filtration rate (GFR ) and that it would also be associated wi th increased perivascular and plasma inflammation markers in the first seven days after transplantation. Between January 2013 and December 2014, some 58 living kidney transplantation pairs were included in the study. Donor and recipient demographic data, preoperative BMI, blood C -reactive protein (CRP) and adiponectin levels, perivascular adipose tissue (PAT) samples and recipient blood creatinine levels were analy zed. The median CRP of donors was 0.68 mg/l (max: 8.66 mg/l, min: 0.33 mg/l), the median of M1 macrophages (CD14+CD16+) in one gram of PAT was 5940 (max: 41 100, min: 248) and the median of adiponectin was 411 930 pg/ml (max: 14 217 000, min: 167 300) in plasma. We did not find any association between early renal graft function and the percentage o f M1 macrophages in donor perirenal adipose tissue (p=0.83, r=0.03, n=58), adiponectin (p=0.65, r=0.06, n=58) or CRP (p=0.16, r=0.2, n=58) in plasma. The obesity level of donors, expressed as BMI, did not correlate with early renal graft function in the first seven days after transplantation. The associations between ERGF and plasma and perivascular fat inflammation markers were not significant., a2_We confirmed a negative correlation between the BMI of recipients and an average increase of GFR in the first sev en days after transplantation (p<0.02, r= -0.325, N=58). We confirmed a negative correlation of adiponectin plasma concentration to the BMI of donors., F. Thieme, L. Janousek, J. Fronek, A. Kralova, S. Cejkova, I. Kralova Lesna, R. Poledne., and Obsahuje bibliografii