Assaultive acts committed by people with a mental illness is a major public health issue that affects patients with their families, law enforcement authorities, and the public at large. Failure to provide treatment is in fact a major predictor of assaultive acts in patients with schizophrenia living in the community. Considering that the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia have similar sociocultural characteristics, these factors may be reflected in individuals with schizophrenia who have committed serious assaultive acts in Uzbekistan. Objectives: The aim of the work was to identify the sociocultural and clinical characteristics of schizophrenic representatives of indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia who have committed violent crimes in Uzbekistan and have been found insane in regard to their offence, and to compare these subjects to ones belonging to the other ethnic groups. Material and methods: The data were collected in 2010–2013 in the Tashkent High Security Psychiatric Hospital via face-to-face interviews and also from the patients’ charts and from forensic psychiatric examination statements. Results: The sample consisted of 201 individuals. The sample was 90.1 percent (n = 181) male, with a predominance of the paranoid schizophrenia subtype according to the ICD-10 criteria. Of the subjects, 174 ones (86.6%) were representatives of the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia, and 27 ones (13.4%) were representatives of other ethnic groups. The duration of illness among the subjects belonging to the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia was less than in the other group; the individuals were rarely referred to psychiatric care because of the popularity of alternative medicine and the stigma attached to mental illness. A positive correlation between violence and various psychotic symptoms, such as delusions, hallucinations, and thought disorder, has also been demonstrated in this group. European Medical, Health and Pharmaceutical Journal ISSN 1804-5804 Conclusions: Sociocultural characteristics, such as delayed referral for psychiatric care because of the popularity of alternative medicine and the stigma attached to mental illness among the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia, frequently factor into committing serious acts of assault because of developing psychotic symptoms at the early stages of disease despite their sufficient socioenvironmental adaptation., Saida Yеshimbetova, Bulat Chembaev, and Literatura
Antrochoanal polyps are benign lesions originating from the mucosa of the maxillary sinus. Nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea are their main symptoms. Their endoscopical and radiological appearance makes them relatively easy to diagnose. These polyps are usually presented unilaterally, although bilateral presentation is also possible. We described two cases of atypically giant antrochoanal polyps: in a 15-year-old child and in a 38-year-old man. In both cases, the diagnosis was done by nasal endoscopy and computed tomography (CT) of the paranasal sinuses and supported by histopathological analysis. In the first patient, the excised polyp had the histological characteristic of an angiomatous antrochoanal polyp. Because of their unusual dimension, the combined transoral and endonasal endoscopic approach was performed for complete polyp excision. We discussed the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of choanal polyps in comparison to inflammatory nasal polyps, and the applicable surgical techniques for treatment of these polyps. and C. Špadijer-Mirković, A. Perić, B. Vukomanović-Đurđević, I. Stanojević
The aim of our study was to determine the significance of lymphocyte-platelet adhesion (LPA), interleukins, transforming included 139 pregnant women aged between 17 and 27 years (21.3±4.22 years). GH was diagnosed in 119 women after 20 weeks of pregnancy. 20 patients (control group) were with physiological course of pregnancy. The distribution of patients by groups was carried out according to the level of blood pressure (BP) in accordance with ICD-10 (Geneva, WHO, 2002). The survey was conducted at the moment of detection pregnancy from 7 to 10 weeks and in dynamics of I, II and III trimesters of gestation. In the dynamics of gestation, were studied the number of desquamated endothelial cells circulating in the systemic circulation (CECs), nitrates levels, the adhesion of platelets by estimation their ability to form co-aggregates with lymphocytes by determining the percentage of lymphocytes aggregates with thrombocytes (lymphocyte-platelet plugs), at risk of hypertensive disorders, especially after 20-22 weeks of gestation and later, lymphocytes ability to platelets adhesion is rose, the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NO level are increased. The direct relationship indicates their importance in the pathogenesis of hypertensive disorders in pregnant women., Salomat Aleksandrovna Matyakubova, and Literatura
Riziko CNS progrese u vysoce agresivních lymfomů (lymfoblastový a Burkittův lymfom) dosahovalo v historických souborech až 30%, podařilo se jej však výrazně snížit pomocí intratekální profylaktické terapie a inkorporací systémových cytostatik prostupujících hematoencefalickou bariéru do léčebných protokolů. U ostatních agresivních lymfomů je riziko CNS progrese nižší (pod 10 % v recentních studiích), avšak u vybrané skupiny nemocných se může i zde pohybovat kolem 25–30 %. Bohužel, na rozdíl od lymfoblastového a Burkittova lymfomu se u jiných agresivních histologií nepodařilo profylaktické úspěchy zopakovat. Tento článek se zabývá incidencí, rizikovými faktory a možnostmi profylaxe CNS relapsu u imunokompetentních pacientů s difuzním velkobuněčným B-lymfomem, lymfomem z buněk pláště, periferními T-lymfomy a primárním mediastinálním B-lymfomem. Zmíněny jsou rovněž možnosti terapie CNS progrese, pokud nastane., The risk of CNS progression in highly aggressive lymphomas (lymphoblastic, Burkitt‘s) reached up to 30% in historical cohorts, but it was significantly diminished by intrathecal prophylactic treatment and by incorporation of systemic cytostatics penetrating blood-brain barrier into treatment protocols. In other aggressive lymphomas, the risk of CNS progression is lower (under 10% in recent studies), but in selected patients can even here reach 25–30 %. Unfortunately, unlike in lymphoblastic and Burkitt‘s lymphomas, prophylaxis does not seem to be particularly effective in other histologies. This article discusses incidence, risk factors and prophylactic strategies in immunocompetent patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mantle-cell lymphoma, peripheral T-cell lymphomas and primary mediastinal B lymphoma. Also, treatment possibilities for CNS relapse, if it occurs, are reviewed., Robert Pytlík, and Literatura
Obrázek ukazuje horké ložisko na hrudníku pacienta při scintigrafii skeletu. Čtenářům je položena otázka, co je jeho příčinou. Odpověď je uvedena na straně 58., x, and Ivana Kuníková
Srdeční selhání se zachovalou ejekční frakcí levé komory (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction – HFPEF, heart failure with normal ejection fraction – HFNEF) je epidemiologicky závažným onemocněním, jehož výskyt v populaci postupně narůstá. Etiologie jeho vzniku není ještě zcela objasněna. Nově bylo zjištěno, že prozánětlivý stav spojený s řadou komorbidit, jako např. obezita či diabetes, potencuje rozvoj HFPEF. Také sérové koncentrace některých působků, jako např. adiponektin, mají souvislost s tímto onemocněním. Hlavním znakem HFPEF je diastolická dysfunkce, která je ale doprovázena řadou dalších kardiálních i nekardiálních poruch organizmu. Prognóza se i přes dlouhodobě užívané, ale i nově zavedené terapeutické postupy nemění. Zlatým standardem v diagnostice HFPEF zůstává katetrizace srdce. K ozřejmění základní choroby vedoucí k srdečnímu selhání jsou využívána další vyšetření, jako elektrokardiografie (EKG), RTG srdce a plic, laboratorní odběry včetně markerů srdečního selhání a hlavně echokardiografie včetně pulzního dopplerovského měření., Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction of left ventricle (heart failure with normal ejection fraction, HFPEF, HFNEF) is frequent disease with serious consequences. Incidence of HFPEF in population is still growing. The exact pathophysiological mechanism of HFPEF remain unclear .Recent evidence suggests a relationship between inflammation associated with obesity or Diabetes mellitus and progression of HFPEF. Consistently, it has been reported that serum concentration of some pro-inflammatory markers such as adiponectin is positively related to HFPEF. By HFPEF is attended diastolic dysfunction. Diastolic dysfunction is linked to many other cardiac and non-cardiac diseases. Despite the great effort and new therapeutic approaches the prognosis of HFPEF does not improve. The gold standard in HFPEF diagnosis remains heart catheterization. Electrocardiography, chest X-ray, blood examination including diagnostic markers of heart failure and mainly echocardiography with Doppler imaging are used diagnose the underlying disease leading to heart failure., and Zdeňka Gregorová, Jaroslav Meluzín, Lenka Špinarová
Autoři poukazují na specifika poskytování zdravotní péče, která opravňují názor, že poskytování zdravotní péče není prostou službou, ale specifickou činností, označovanou samostatným pojmem zdravotní péče. and Lubomír Vondráček, Jan Vondráček, Zuzana Volejníková
More than half of all of the children in the world, which die before the age of five, die in Africa. Wider availability of several highly effecti - ve interventions such as oral rehyd - ration therapy in cases of diarrhoea could prevent large proportion of these child deaths. Unfortunately these interventions are usually not available in African countries. Ho - wever both availability of different life-saving health interventions and child mortality varies a lot across African countries. The purpose of this article is to explore what are determinants of child mortality and availability of these interventions in Africa. Both a review of existing research and a statistical analysis of data from 41 African countries point to the quality of governance and control of corruption as the most significant determinant of health system performance and availability of these life-saving interventions in Africa., Jan Klusáček, and Literatura