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508272. Twenty years of cerebellar degeneration research at the department of pathological physiology, faculty of medicine, pilsen, charles university
- Creator:
- Vožeh, F.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- lurcher mice, cerebellar degeneration, spinocerebellar ataxias, and neurotransplantation
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Mutant Lurcher mice represent an animal model of naturally occurring cerebellar degeneration. A gene mutation causes the demise of all Purkinje cells, as along with certain other types, as well as the functional elimination of the cerebellar cortex. Involvement in the research using this model of the C3H strain began at the Department of Physiology, UCL in 1995/96. It continued in scientific cooperation with other European laboratories where we obtained Lurcher mice of the B6CBA strain. The aim of the effort was first to identify the extent to which the cerebellum is involved in the higher nervous activity, i.e. cognitive and other functions. In that research, use was made of an entire array of methodological procedures to examine learning, memory, motor functions and emotional behavior. It was completed with an electrophysiological examination of the brain and special microscopic procedures. The results demonstrated that the cerebellum (aside from its traditional tasks) does in fact play a significant role in cognitive function, emotions, etc. It was further found that the neurodegenerative processes also affected the immune and endocrine functions, confirming the concept of the unity of the psychoneuroendocrine-immune system. Surprisingly, despite their neurological impairment, the affected animals were able to learn to some extent and, make progress with physical training, improving not only their motor skills but also learning and memory, including deferring of signs of aging. These particular findings may prove useful for human medicine.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
508273. Twenty-five years of livestock guarding dog use across Namibian farmlands
- Creator:
- Marker, Laurie, Pfeiffer, Lauren, Siyaya, Annetjie, Seitz, Paige, Nikanor, Gebhardt, Fry, Bridget, O'Flaherty, Calum, and Verschueren, Stijn
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Anatolian shepherd, Kangal dog, cheetah, conservation, human-wildlife conflict, and livestock farming
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Preventing human-wildlife conflict is key to maintaining viable predator populations. In Namibia, over 90% of cheetahs are found outside of protected areas, therefore risk of conflict with farmers is high. Since 1994, the Cheetah Conservation Fund has implemented a programme to prevent livestock depredation using livestock guarding dogs (LGDs). Long-term (25-year period) monitoring efforts in Namibia have provided insights on the efficiency and performance of LGDs and farmers‘ perceptions. LGDs reduced livestock losses for 91% of respondents and farmers were highly satisfied with their LGD. Poor performance from behavioural issues, such as “staying at home” and “chasing game”, was linked to the LGDs receiving less care and being found in poorer body condition. Unwanted ecological impacts of wildlife killings by LGDs merit further investigation, but occurrence of behavioural issues reduced over time, suggesting a targeted and adaptive management approach to increase performance. Addressing behavioural issues, increasing LGD lifespans and understanding LGD performance under different conditions will be crucial for optimising LGD management leading to better performance. Our long-term study provides unique insights into a highly successful programme and is recommended to be replicated and adapted where imminent human-predator conflicts threaten coexistence.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
508274. Twenty-four hour blood pressure profile in subjects with different subtypes of primary aldosteronism
- Creator:
- Tomáš Zelinka and Jiří Widimský
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, krevní tlak, blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, primary aldosteronism, circadian blood pressure variability, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential differences in blood pressure (BP) profile in subjects with different forms of primary aldosteronism (PA). Simultaneously, we studied the effects of PA treatment on BP curve. We therefore monitored 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure values in 22 subjects with aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), 22 subjects with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) and 33 subjects with essential hypertension (EH) as controls. We found a significantly attenuated nighttime systolic BP decline in the APA group (P=0.02). Patients with IHA had lower nighttime systolic BP values (P=0.01) and also a diastolic BP decline (P=0.02) during the night in comparison with EH. We did not detect any significant differences in BP profile characteristics between APA and IHA. Specific treatment of primary aldosteronism (adrenalectomy, treatment with spironolactone) led to the normalization of the BP curve with a marked BP decline. Our study thus demonstrates a blunted diurnal BP variability in patients with primary aldosteronism the specific treatment of which normalized previously attenuated nocturnal BP fall., T. Zelinka, J. Widimský., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
508275. Twin-disc experimental device for study of adhesion in wheel-rail contact
- Creator:
- Galas, Radovan, Smejkal, David, Omasta, Milan, and Hartl, Martin
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- wheel/rail contact, adhesion curve, twin-disc, and traction
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In order to understand friction processes in wheel/rail contact a new experimental device has been developed. Twin-disc approach has been used to determine adhesion curves in wheel-rail contact under various conditions. This paper describes some details about the design of the twin-disc experimental device. Finally, preliminary results are discussed. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
508276. Two approaches to event ontology
- Creator:
- Zeleňák, Eugen
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- metametaphysics, event ontology, semantics, D. Davidson, J. Kim, and D. Lewis
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- In the paper, I distinguish between the semantic and the ''direct'' approach to event ontology. The first approach, employed by D. Davidson, starts with logical analysis of natural language. This analysis uncovers quantification over the domain of events. Thus, we have ontological commitment to events and, at the same time, also a suggestion of how to view their nature. The second approach, used by J. Kim and D. Lewis, deals with events ''directly'', i.e. not by analyzing language first. Events are postulated because they are useful in other theories (of causation, explanation, etc.) and their nature is adjusted to the needs of these theories. In the paper, I analyze both approaches and outline their problems and advantages. I conclude that we should conditionally prefer the latter approach on methodological grounds. This preference is based on the assumption that submitting hypotheses to tests seems to be a crucial part of metaphysical methodology. Since the ''direct'' approach to event ontology allows for more testing, it should be preferred over the semantic approach., V příspěvku rozlišuji mezi sémantickým a ,,přímým'' přístupem k ontologii událostí. První přístup, který používá D. Davidson, začíná logickou analýzou přirozeného jazyka. Tato analýza odhaluje kvantifikaci v oblasti událostí. Máme proto ontologický závazek k událostem a zároveň i návrh na to, jak se dívat na jejich povahu. Druhý přístup, který používají J. Kim a D. Lewis, se zabývá událostmi ,,přímo'', tj. Ne analýzou jazyka jako první. Události jsou postulovány, protože jsou užitečné v jiných teoriích (příčin, vysvětlení atd.) A jejich povaha je přizpůsobena potřebám těchto teorií. V příspěvku analyzuji oba přístupy a nastiňuji jejich problémy a výhody. Závěrem konstatuji, že bychom měli z metodických důvodů upřednostňovat druhý přístup. Tato preference je založena na předpokladu, že předložení hypotéz k testům se zdá být klíčovou součástí metafyzické metodiky. Protože ,,přímý'' přístup k ontologii událostí umožňuje více testování, mělo by být upřednostňováno před sémantickým přístupem., and Eugen Zeleňák
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
508277. Two aspects of the study of animacy and case: A contribution to the long-range history of Russian and Serbian
- Creator:
- Dezsö, Lázsló
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Stať má dvě části: po typologickém úvodu autor v prvé části zkoumá úlohu životnosti při formovaní aktivní větné perspektivy v PrelE. V druhé části se zabýva frekvencí pádových forem. Autor si je vědom rozdílu mezi první systémově-strukturní a druhou kvantitativní částí stati. Konstatuje, že v dosavadním jazykovědném bádání bývají oba přístupy nedostatečně propojeny, což má mimo jiné příčinu v dosud značně oddělovaném myšlení o langue a o parole. Následkem toho pak systémové analýzy nejsou vždy doplňovány zcela paralelními výzkumy kvantitativními. Stať podle autora ukazuje, že kvantitativní analýzy mají zásadní význam pro porovnávání jazyků. Frekvence je jeden ze základních faktorů, které prostupují i typologii gramatických kategorií. Zanedbávání soustavného kvantitativního výzkumu neprospívá ani vývojovým, ani komparatistickým výzkumným programům.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
508278. Two cases of pericarditis associated with inflammatory bowel disease
- Creator:
- Tunc, Bilge
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
508279. Two classes of Darboux-like, Baire one functions of two variables
- Creator:
- Evans, Michael J. and Humke, Paul D.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Woodcutters Problem, Baire one, and Darboux
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Among the many characterizations of the class of Baire one, Darboux real-valued functions of one real variable, the 1907 characterization of Young and the 1997 characterization of Agronsky, Ceder, and Pearson are particularly intriguing in that they yield interesting classes of functions when interpreted in the two-variable setting. We examine the relationship between these two subclasses of the real-valued Baire one defined on the unit square.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
508280. Two concepts of a lie: Václav Havel on living in a communist regime
- Creator:
- Krása, Ondřej
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Václav Havel, truth, lie, dissent, Jan Patočka, and underground
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- According to Václav Havel’s famous essay The Power of powerless life within a lie is at the core of the communist regime in Czechoslovakia. Life within a lie is characteristic for the great majority of people and is contrasted with life within the truth which is characteristic of dissent movement. In this paper, I will try to shed some light on the concept of “living within a lie.” I will show that Havel develops not one but two concepts of a lie: on the one hand, lie is deliberate pretence; on the other hand, lie is seduction by consumerist values. The first meaning of a lie is derived from Havel’s analysis of the specifics of the Soviet sphere of influence, namely central role of ideology with omnipresent demands on public support of the regime. The second meaning of a lie is heavily influenced by a critical assessment of modern society from the leading figure of the Czech underground movement Ivan Jirous and leading Czech philosopher Jan Patočka. This double meaning of a lie enables Havel to capture both specific problems of living under the communist regime and general problems of living in modern society anywhere in the world. In the final chapters of this paper, I will show that Havel is not clear about how these two meanings of a lie are connected and that there are problems resulting from these unclarities both for Havel’s analysis of the communism and his proposed solution of the crisis.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public