Havel’s perception of nature does not in - volve a scientific interest in its mystery and beauty, he suspected science of ultimately aiming to just utilize the nature. Nature is above all the endangered victim of the man’s unscrupulousness and exploitation. Hence Havel highlights landscape rather than nature in his texts. When he talks about nature protection, he also includes landscapes, villages and settlements, he often speaks about lapses with regard to present-day urbanism, and about human pride towards the environment. In contrast, he advocates reverence and respect for „nature, land and the historical heritage“. and Jan Sokol.
nvestigating the function of both male and female mating behaviours is essential in our attempts to understand the evolution of mating systems. Variation in mating behaviours among different populations within a species provides a useful opportunity to explore how behaviours may co-vary, although comparative studies are still rather few in number. Population variation in mating behaviour may also have important implications in terms of the evolution of reproductive isolation, the distribution of genetic diversity within and between populations, and the associated ability of those populations to adapt. Here we consider male and female mating behaviour in two populations of the two-spot ladybird, Adalia bipunctata, from the UK and Russia. We find that male and female mating behaviours differ between the populations in terms of the length of female rejection behaviour and the duration of mating, and that this variation is independent of which population an individual's mating partner is from. Our data confirm that patterns of sexual selection and reproductive behaviour are likely to vary across populations in the two-spot ladybird. The extent to which this variation is due to current ecological factors or population history remains to be verified for this species, as for many others., Penelope R. Haddrill, Michael E.N. Majerus, David M. Shuker., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The occurrence of colour polymorphism in wild populations of the necrophagous fly Prochyliza nigrimana (Diptera: Piophilidae) is recorded but never treated in detail. The present paper shows that there is a seasonal distribution in the morphotypes, with the dark morphs emerging in spring and pale morphs emerging later and most abundant in summer. Furthermore, different proportions of each morph occur along altitudinal gradients, with dark morphs significantly more abundant at low altitudes, where mean temperatures are warmer than at high altitudes where the pale coloured morphs were more abundant. Explanations based on the adaptive value of thermal melanism are discussed. and Daniel Martín-Vega, Arturo Baz.
Thermal requirements for flight in butterflies is determined by a combination of external factors, behaviour and physical constraints. Thorax temperature of 152 butterflies was monitored with an infra-red thermometer in controlled laboratory conditions. The temperature at take-off varied from 13.4°C, for a female Heteronympha merope to 46.3°C, for a female Junonia villida. Heteronympha merope, an understorey species, had the lowest recorded take-off temperatures, with females flying at a much lower thorax temperatures than males. Among the tested butterfly species, warming-up rate was positively correlated with take-off temperature and negatively with body mass. Wing loading is a major variable in determining the thorax flight temperature. Butterflies with the highest wing-loadings experienced the highest thorax temperatures at take-off. A notable exception to this rule is Trapezites symmomus, the only Hesperiidae of our data set, which had thorax flight temperatures of 31.5°C and 34.5°C, well within the range of the observed butterflies, despite a wing load ca. five times higher. The high thorax temperature recorded in J. villida is probably linked to its high flight speed. The results highlight the importance of physical constraints such as body size on the thermal requirements for flight across a range of butterfly species., Gabriel Nève, Casey Hall., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Although there is a considerable amount of information on the ecology, genetics and physiology of life-history traits there is little information on the morphological variations associated with flight ability within species. In this paper, the morphology and ultrastructure of certain organelles in the flight muscles of Gryllus firmus are recorded using transmission electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of the flight muscles of 7-day-old female adults reveals that the ratio of thick to thin filaments is 1 : 3. Each thick filament is surrounded by 6 thin filaments in a hexagonal arrangement. The length of the sarcomere of each myofibril is significantly shorter and diameter of the myofibrils significantly smaller in long-winged than in short-winged morphs. However, the thick filaments in the long-winged morph are denser than those in the short-winged morph. Furthermore, in the long winged morph there are a greater number of mitochondria than in the short-winged morph. These differences correspond with the fact that long-winged crickets are stronger fliers than short-winged crickets., Cheng-Ji Jiang ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
During the last 12 years, 23 mollusc species were recorded in the Czech Republic for the first time. With the exception of several introduced and invasive species, some of these molluscs are native, rare and even endangered, including Pagodulina pagodula. This rare woodland snail of Alpine origin was found in spring 2012 in the Mutenská obora Nature Reserve, which includes the forested slopes above the Moravská Dyje River in South Moravia. This is another occurrence of the species outside its Alpine range, in addition to one site in Poland, two in Slovakia, and a few sites in Hungary and the Balkan Peninsula. The species was also recorded in the Czech Republic in several interglacial sediments of the Pleistocene and also in one profile of Holocene origin (Atlantic period), not far away from the recent site. and Adam Lacina, Michal Horsák.
Tuto otázku si kladou lidé již od počátku lidstva. Pro členy Laboratoře biochemie a molekulární biologie zárodečných buněk v Ústavu živočišné fyziologie a genetiky AV ČR v Liběchově je odpověď jasná, jelikož na počátek vzniku nového jedince nahlíží prostřednictvím molekulární biologie. První bylo vajíčko. and Denisa Jansová.
Již pošesté se sešla odborná porota složená z fotografů a zároveň vědců, aby zhodnotila příspěvky zaslané do soutěže Věda je krásná. Do ročníku 2014 bylo zasláno celkem 529 příspěvků. Z celkového počtu 7 kategorií patřilo pět výhradně zaměstnancům a studentům Univerzity Karlovy. Objevitelskou kategorii a nově ustavenou kategorii Instagram, otevřenou široké veřejnosti, hodnotila porota složená z pracovníků Přírodovědecké fakulty UK v Praze. Diváci pak rozhodli o vítězi ve vlastním hlasování. V uplynulém ročníku zaujaly nejvíce mikrofotografie a snímky využívající složité postupy. Věda je krásná ale není jen soutěží mikrofotografií, velký prostor zůstává vymezen klasickým fotografiím a ilustracím, v r. 2014 poprvé také snímkům pořízeným ve výše zmíněné mobilní aplikaci., A specialist panel made up of photographers and scientists assessed 529 contributions sent in to the Science is Beautiful competition 2014. Five out of seven categories belonged exclusively to employees and students of Charles University in Prague. Over the last year microphotographs and shots making use of complex techniques have been the most popular. However, Science is Beautiful is not just a microphotography competition, but much room also remains for classic photography and illustrations, while even photos taken by mobile applications were included in 2014., and Michal Andrle, Alena Ječmíková, Martin Černý.