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1702. Setkání s veverkovitými hlodavci Severní Ameriky
- Creator:
- Jiří Křížek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, savci, veverkovití, mammals, squirrels, Severní Amerika, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Článek přináší ukázku fotografií zástupců čeledi veverkovití (Sciuridae) v Severní Americe. Některé z těchto druhů lze při návštěvách národních parků i jiných míst v Kanadě a Spojených státech amerických pozorovat snadno a někdy i zblízka – představené fotografie vznikly na parkovištích a odpočívadlech, kde se tito hlodavci snaží získat od turistů „pamlsky“., A sample of photographs of representatives of the Sciuridae family in North America is selected. Some of these species can easily be observed on visits to national parks and other locations in Canada and the United States, sometimes from close up – the photos were taken at car parks and lay-bys, where these rodents attempt to obtain “goodies” from the tourists., and George O. Krizek.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1703. Settling moths as potential pollinators of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Rubiaceae)
- Creator:
- Funamoto, Daichi and Sugiura, Shinji
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, motýli, píďalkovití, můrovití, butterflies, Geometridae, Noctuidae, Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Erebidae, floral visitors, generalized pollination system, nocturnal moths, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Nocturnal pollinators such as moths have received less attention than diurnal insects. To elucidate whether nocturnal moths are important pollinators, we observed both the diurnal and nocturnal visitors to the flowers of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Rubiaceae) in a warm-temperate forest in central Japan. The diurnal visitors included various taxonomic groups (e.g., bees, hoverflies and butterflies). The nocturnal visitors were exclusively moths (Geometridae, Erebidae, Noctuidae and Crambidae). Pollen grains of U. rhynchophylla were attached to both diurnal and nocturnal visitors. Although diurnal flower visitors carried pollen grains of other plant species, nocturnal moths did not carry heterospecific pollen grains. These results suggest that nocturnal moths, as well as diurnal insects, are important pollinators of U. rhynchophylla., Daichi Funamoto, Shinji Sugiura., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1704. Seven new species of Resartor Gustafsson et Bush, 2017 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from Asian "babblers" (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Paradoxornithidae)
- Creator:
- Gustafsson, Daniel Roland, Chu, Xingzhi, Sarah Elizabeth Bush, and Zou, Fasheng
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- morfologie (biologie), morphology (biology), Čína, Malajsie, China, Malaysia, Brueelia-complex, species description, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Seven new species of chewing lice in the genus Resartor Gustafsson et Bush, 2017 are described and illustrated. They are: Resartor albofulvus sp. n. ex Heterophasia desgodinsi desgodinsi (Oustalet); Resartor apimimus sp. n. ex Heterophasia picaoides wrayi (Ogilvie-Grant); Resartor aterrimus sp. n. ex Minla ignotincta mariae La Touche; Resartor extraneus sp. n. ex Lioparus chrysotis swinhoii (Verreaux); Resartor guangxiensis sp. n. ex Trochalopteron milnei sinianum Stresemann; Resartor longisuturalis sp. n. ex Actinodura cyanouroptera wingatei (Ogilvie-Grant); Resartor seminudus sp. n. ex Leiothrix argentauris tahanensis (Yen). All species differ in the shape of the head, shape of the male genitalia and abdominal chaetotaxy. A checklist and a key to the species of Resartor are provided., Daniel Roland Gustafsson, Xingzhi Chu, Sarah Elizabeth Bush, Fasheng Zou., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1705. Severe water deficit-induced ethylene production decreases photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency in flag leaves of wheat
- Creator:
- Yang, W., Yin, Y., Jiang, W., Peng, D., Yang, D., Cui, Y., and Wang, Z.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fotosyntéza, ethylen, pšenice, photosynthesis, ethylene, wheat, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, chlorophyll fluorescence, net photosynthetic rate, severe water deficit, Triticum aestivum L., 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Jimai22 was used to evaluate the effect of ethylene evolution rate (EER) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and their relations with photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency in plants well-watered (WW) and under a severe water deficit (SWD). SWD caused a noticeable reduction in the grain mass. The marked increases in both EER and the ACC concentration were observed under SWD; it was reversed effectively by exogenous spermidine (Spd) or amino-ethoxyvinylglycine (AVG). Thermal images indicated that SWD increased obviously the temperature of flag leaves, mainly due to the decrease in transpiration rate under SWD. Exogenous Spd or AVG decreased to some extent the temperature of the flag leaves. The strong decline in photosynthetic rate (PN) and stomatal conductance as well as the photodamage of PSII were also observed under SWD after 14 and 21 days after anthesis (DAA). Intercellular CO2 concentration was reduced at 7 DAA, but slightly increased at 14 and 21 DAA under SWD, indicating that the decreased PN at 7 DAA might result from stomatal limitations, while the decline after 14 and 21 DAA might be attributed to nonstomatal limitations. Correlation analysis suggested that EER and ACC showed negative relations to photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency. Data obtained suggested that the effects of SWD were mediated predominantly by the increase in EER and ACC concentration, which greatly decreased the leaf photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency, and, therefore, reduced the grain mass. Application of Spd or AVG reduced the EER and ACC, and thus positively influenced photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency under SWD., W. Yang, Y. Yin, W. Jiang, D. Peng, D. Yang, Y. Cui, Z. Wang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1706. Sexual differences in spectral sensitivity and wing colouration of 13 species of Japanese Thecline butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
- Creator:
- Imafuku, Michio
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Theclini, Lycaenidae, Lepidoptera, wing colour, spectral reflectance, sexual dimorphism, spectral sensitivity, electroretinography, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The correlation between dorsal wing colours and spectral sensitivity of the compound eyes of 13 species of thecline butterflies, consisting of 8 sexually monomorphic and 5 dimorphic species, was investigated. Spectral reflectance of the dorsal surfaces of the wings was measured using a spectrophotometer and spectral sensitivities using electroretinography. All 13 species examined showed a common basic pattern of spectral sensitivity with a primary peak at a wavelength of 440–460 nm. Detailed analyses of the deviations in sensitivity from the basic pattern revealed a correlation in monomorphic species with conspicuous wing hues, especially in males., Michio Imafuku., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1707. Sexual dimorphism in the Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) metabolome increases throughout development
- Creator:
- Ingleby, Fiona C. and Morrow, Edward H.
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, dvoukřídlí, octomilkovití, ontogeneze, sexuální dimorfismus, Diptera, Drosophilidae, ontogeny, sexual dimorphism, Drosophila melanogaster, metabolome, transcriptome, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The expression of sexually dimorphic phenotypes from a shared genome between males and females is a longstanding puzzle in evolutionary biology. Increasingly, research has made use of transcriptomic technology to examine the molecular basis of sexual dimorphism through gene expression studies, but even this level of detail misses the metabolic processes that ultimately link gene expression with the whole organism phenotype. We use metabolic profiling in Drosophila melanogaster to complete this missing step, with a view to examining variation in male and female metabolic profiles, or metabolomes, throughout development. We show that the metabolome varies considerably throughout larval, pupal and adult stages. We also find significant sexual dimorphism in the metabolome, although only in pupae and adults, and the extent of dimorphism increases throughout development. We compare this to transcriptomic data from the same population and find that the general pattern of increasing sex differences throughout development is mirrored in RNA expression. We discuss our results in terms of the usefulness of metabolic profiling in linking genotype and phenotype to more fully understand the basis of sexually dimorphic phenotypes., Fiona C. Ingleby, Edward H. Morrow., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1708. Sexual segregation of Echinorhynchus borealis von Linstow, 1901 (Acanthocephala) in the gut of burbot (Lota lota Linnaeus)
- Creator:
- Tuomainen, Arto, Valtonen, E. Tellervo, and Benesh, Daniel P
- Format:
- electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- poměr pohlaví, sex ratio, thorny-headed worms, body size, Echinorhynchidae, Echinorhynchus cinctulus, microhabitat, niche, spatial distribution, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Helminths often occupy defined niches in the gut of their definitive hosts. In the dioecious acanthocephalans, adult males and females usually have similar gut distributions, but sexual site segregation has been reported in at least some species. We studied the intestinal distribution of the acanthocephalan Echinorhynchus borealis von Linstow, 1901 (syn. of E. cinctulus Porta, 1905) in its definitive host, burbot (Lota lota Linnaeus). Over 80% of female worms were found in the pyloric caeca, whereas the majority of males were in the anterior two-thirds of the intestine. This difference was relatively consistent between individual fish hosts. Worms from different parts of the gut did not differ in length, so site segregation was not obviously related to worm growth or age. We found proportionally more males in the caeca when a larger fraction of the females were found there, suggesting mating opportunities influence gut distribution. However, this result relied on a single parasite infrapopulation and is thus tentative. We discuss how mating strategies and/or sexual differences in life history might explain why males and females occupy different parts of the burbot gut., Arto Tuomainen, E. Tellervo Valtonen, Daniel P. Benesh., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
1709. Sezonnost tropického deštného lesa z ptačí perspektivy
- Creator:
- Zenklová, Tereza
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, tropické deštné lesy, ptáci, tropical rain forests, birds, 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- V naší studii se zabýváme zpěvní a hnízdní aktivitou ptáků v tropickém deštném lese Kamerunské hory v západní Africe. Ukázali jsme, že toto na první pohled stálé prostředí vykazuje výraznou sezonalitu v množství srážek ovlivňujících dostupnost potravy. Důsledkem je variabilní sezónní aktivita ptačího společenstva, zejména různých potravních guild. Sezonalita prostředí i ptačího společenstva se mění také s nadmořskou výškou., The aim of our study, conducted in the Republic of Cameroon (Africa), was to examine the singing and breeding activity of birds in a tropical rain forest. We have shown that this otherwise stable environment exhibits a distinct seasonality in rainfall, resulting in seasonal activity of bird communities, especially of various feeding guilds. Seasonality of environment and breeding of bird communities also changed with the altitude (tested on the Mount Cameroon - Mongo ma Ndemi)., Tereza Zenklová a kolektiv autorů., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
1710. Short term response of ants to the removal of ground cover in organic olive orchards
- Creator:
- Campos, Mercedes, Fernández, Luisa, Ruano, Francisca, Cotes, Belén, Cárdenas, Manuel, and Castro, Juan
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Hymenoptera, Formicidae, disturbance, biodiversity, soil management, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Ants are the most abundant group of soil arthropods in olive groves where they are involved in various trophic relationships of great importance for crops. The system of soil management is one agricultural practice that has a great effect on ants, so the objective of this study was to compare ant populations in organic olive orchards with a ground cover of natural vegetation and others where this natural vegetation is mechanically removed at the beginning of June. Ants were sampled using pitfall traps at 14, 30, 70 and 90 days after the removal of the ground vegetation. Overall, ant biodiversity did not change. However, changes were observed in the abundance of ant species, in particular, in those species that build shallow nests in the soil, both between the rows of trees and under the canopy of olive trees. In contrast, deep nesting species, such as Messor barbarus, were not affected. The response also differed between the various genera: the abundance of Cataglyphis increased, due to there being more of the species C. rosenhaueri, while there was a significant fall in Aphaenogaster, due to the decline in abundance of A. senilis. Thirty days after the removal of vegetation, the response of most of the genera was clearly noticeable, due to the increased activity of workers, and in some cases there were still differences after 90 days. and Mercedes Campos, Luisa Fernández, Francisca Ruano, Belén Cotes, Manuel Cárdenas, Juan Castro.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public