Number of results to display per page
Search Results
722. Faunistika pro 21. století I. Historie terénního výzkumu - od sběratelství ke komplexnímu hodnocení
- Creator:
- Vojen Ložek and Lucie Juřičková
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, ekologie, paleontologie, měkkýši, zoology, ecology, paleontology, molluscs, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Faunistika není mrtvý obor zoologie. V prvním dílu diskutujeme záludnosti faunistiky a rozdíly mezi faunistikou a sběratelstvím. Měkkýši byli vybráni jako modelová skupina organismů, na nichž ukazujeme historii vývoje oboru v Českých zemích a vývoj měkkýší faunistiky., Faunistics is not a dead subject of zoology. The challenges of faunistics and the difference between faunistics and collecting are discussed. Molluscs were chosen as a model group to show the history of the subject in the Czech Republic and the development of mollusc faunistics., and Vojen Ložek, Lucie Juřičková.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
723. Faunistika pro 21. století. II. Přínos faunistiky k poznání naší přírody a krajiny a výhledy do budoucna
- Creator:
- Lucie Juřičková and Vojen Ložek
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, měkkýši, životní prostředí, paleontologie, molluscs, environment, paleontology, Česko, Czechia, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Detailní výzkum recentní fauny umožňuje srovnání s výskytem jednotlivých druhů v období od glaciálu, přes oteplení na počátku holocénu, klimatické optimum holocénu i s nástupem zemědělství až po zhoršení podmínek v mladším holocénu. Fosilní záznamy mohou pomoci při vysvětlení absence konkrétních druhů na určitém místě v současnosti. Autoři článku také diskutují vliv ekologických fenoménů na lokální druhovou diverzitu - některé z nich druhovou bohatost zvyšují (říční, krasový a vrcholový fenomén), jiné ji snižují (hadcový a pískovcový fenomén). Faunistický výzkum musí probíhat ruku v ruce s taxonomickými studiemi. I v tak malakologicky prozkoumaných zemích, jako je Česká republika, jsou stále objevovány pro dané území nové druhy, včetně invazních – žádné území není prozkoumané jednou provždy. Článek zmiňuje některé důležité faunistické objevy na území České republiky, tak připomíná zásadní význam tohoto dnes podceňovaného oboru a nastiňuje také jeho výhled do budoucnosti., It is important to study the occurrence (presence vs. absence) of extant species; fossil records can help explaining the patterns. The role of ecological phenomena on local species diversity is discussed. The impact of ecological phenomena on local species diversity is discussed – some of them increase (river, karst and hilltop phenomena), while others decrease the species diversity (serpentine and sandstone phenomena). Faunistic research must go hand in hand with taxonomic research. Even in a well-explored country such as the Czech Republic, new species for this area are constantly being discovered including some invasive species, making faunistic research a never-ending story., and Lucie Juřičková, Vojen Ložek.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
724. Feasibility of using smart phones to estimate chlorophyll content in corn plants
- Creator:
- Vesali, F., Omid, M., Mobli, H., and Kaleita, A.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- obecná botanika, general botany, Android phone, color index, SPAD meter, spectral absorption photometry, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- New spectral absorption photometry methods are introduced to estimate chlorophyll (Chl) content of corn leaves by smart phones. The first method acquires light passing through a leaf by smartphone camera, compensating for differences in illumination conditions. In order to improve performance of the method, spectral absorption photometry (SAP) with background illumination has been considered as well. Data were acquired by smartphone camera in Iowa State University maize fields. Various indices were extracted and their correlation with Chl content were examined by Minolta SPAD-502. Hue index in SAP reached R2 value of 0.59. However, with light-aided SAP (LASAP), R2 of 0.97 was obtained. Among traits, the vegetation index gave the most accurate indication. We can conclude that the high performance of LASAP method for estimating Chl content, leads to new opportunities offered by smart phones at much lower cost. This is a highly accurate alternative to SPAD meters for estimating Chl content nondestructively., F. Vesali, M. Omid, H. Mobli, A. Kaleita., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
725. Feeding behaviour of young larvae of Pieris rapae crucivora (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and its effect on parasitism by Cotesia glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
- Creator:
- Nakayama, Aya, Nakamura, Keiji, and Tagawa, Jun
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- motýli, běláskovití, blanokřídlí, lumčíkovití, larvy, parazitismus, butterflies, Pieridae, Hymenoptera, Braconidae, larvas, parasitism, Lepidoptera, Pieris rapae crucivora, cabbageworm, Cotesia glomerata, attraction, avoidance, distance, escape, feeding mark, feeding site, host searching, move, parasitoid, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We investigated the effect of the feeding behaviour of young larvae of Pieris rapae crucivora Boisduval (Pieridae) on parasitism by the parasitoid wasp, Cotesia glomerata (L.) (Braconidae). Young, 1st-3rd instar larvae used approximately three sites for feeding each day. When not feeding, they moved a short distance away from the feeding sites (= feeding marks) and rested. For first, second and third instar larvae, the distances from the new mark, made within 24 h, to larva at rest were, respectively, about 3.5 mm, 5 mm and more than 10 mm. To resume feeding, they moved back to one of the former feeding sites or a new site. The percentage of the feeding marks older than 24 h that attracted parasitoids was less than 50%. Time spent searching for hosts by a parasitoid was short. Larvae placed 5 mm or more from a feeding mark were less parasitized than the larvae placed near a mark. The number of feeding marks affected parasitism. When comparing single-marked and triple-marked leaves, the percentage parasitism of the larvae on the latter was significantly lower than that of the larvae on the former. On triple-marked leaves, parasitoids visited each mark unevenly. Accordingly, the time spent searching each mark differed significantly among the marks. Because of this confusing effect, hosts are considered to be reducing the risk of parasitism. Our results demonstrate that the feeding habits of young larvae of P. rapae crucivora are adaptive in terms of reducing the risk of parasitism by C. glomerata., Aya Nakayama, Keiji Nakamura, Jun Tagawa., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
726. Feeding of two species of Scydmaeninae "hole scrapers", Cephennium majus and C. ruthenum (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), on oribatid mites
- Creator:
- Jałoszyński, Paweł and Olszanowski, Ziemowit
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, brouci, drabčíkovití, pancířníci, čmelíkovci, beetles, Staphylinidae, Oribatida, Mesostigmata, Coleoptera, Scydmaeninae, Cephenniini, Cephennium, Palaearctic, prey preferences, feeding behaviour, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Paweł Jałoszyński, Ziemowit Olszanowski.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
727. Feeding strategies and competition between terrestrial Haemadipsa leeches (Euhirudinea: Arhynchobdellida) in Danum Valley rainforest (Borneo, Sabah)
- Creator:
- Gąsiorek, Piotr and Różycka, Hanna
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parazitismus, parasitism, ectoparasites, foraging behaviour, Haemadipsidae, haematophagy, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Haemadipsid leeches are among the most successful terrestrial invertebrates in Bornean rainforests. They are very common ectoparasites of vertebrates, and their abundance has facilitated the conduction of numerous projects in the fields of ecology, zoogeography and taxonomy. We undertook research on two species inhabiting lowland dipterocarp forest, Haemadipsa picta Moore, 1929 and Haemadipsa subagilis (Moore, 1929), in order to address the following questions: (a) is there a difference in leech abundance between trails and off-trails?; (b) is ambush location dependent on specimen size or is species-specific?; (c) is intra- and interspecific competition limited by differences in foraging behaviours or vertical niche partitioning? Our results clearly show that H. picta is more abundant on trails than on off-trails and is vertically dispersed within the understory; the size of a specimen is strongly correlated with plant height. Haemadipsa subagilis was found not to exhibit such patterns. We suggest a possible lowering of interspecific competition between these species as a result of: (i) size-dependent dispersion of H. picta (together with reduction of intraspecific competition); and (ii) habitat specialisation of H. subagilis. Moreover, we provide new observations on their foraging behaviour., Piotr Gąsiorek, Hanna Różycka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
728. Females of the parasitoid wasp, Dendrocerus carpenteri (Hymenoptera: Megaspilidae), adjust offspring sex allocation when competing for hosts
- Creator:
- Mackauer, Manfred and Chow, Andrew
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, konkurence, poměr pohlaví, competition, sex ratio, Megaspilidae, Dendrocerus carpenteri, hyperparasitoid, larval mortality, intensity of parasitism, offspring sex allocation, superparasitism, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Parasitoid females may adjust offspring sex allocation according to the number and quality of hosts available. Because in solitary species only one offspring survives per host, already parasitized hosts are of low quality and generally rejected. Superparasitism (i.e., sequential oviposition by the same or different females) results in aggressive interactions and competition for nutritional resources among larvae. We examined variations in the offspring sex ratio of Dendrocerus carpenteri (Curtis) (Hymenoptera: Megaspilidae), a solitary ectoparasitoid developing as a hyperparasitoid on the prepupae and pupae of primary aphid parasitoids inside mummified aphids. Mated females produced a female-biased sex ratio of 0.433 (proportion of sons) when caged singly and provided with 12 mummies for 2 h; they parasitized an average of four mummies/h and rarely superparasitized. Superparasitism increased when two females were caged together and provided with 12 mummies, from 1.18 to 1.24 and 1.38 eggs/host parasitized in 1, 2 and 3 h, respectively. The offspring sex ratio became increasingly more female-biased with increase in superparasitism; however, sex ratio variations were not correlated with cohort size. One mated and one unmated female provided with 12 mummies and caged together for 1 h produced a mean cohort sex ratio of 0.645, which differed from the one predicted (0.717) by an algebraic model incorporating the assumptions that both females contribute equal numbers of offspring and that the mated female does not change her offspring-sex allocation strategy. The observed shift in the cohort sex ratio to an increased female-bias indicates that mated females of D. carpenteri change their behaviour when encountering parasitized mummies or a conspecific competitor in the same patch. By depositing fertilized rather than unfertilized eggs, a female can increase the proportion of her daughters among parasitoids competing for a diminishing host supply., Manfred Mackauer, Andrew Chow., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
729. Fenomén efemérních polních mokřadů na orné půdě
- Creator:
- Němec, Radomír, Vlasta Škorpíková, and Václav Křivan
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Botanika, mokřady, orná půda, 2, and 58
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Wetlands on arable land host ephemeral vegetation and their existence relies on soil water saturation and periodic mechanical disturbations. In this habitat, we found several rare species listed in the Black and Red List of Vascular Plants of the Czech Re - public. Evidently, wetlands on arable land deserve protection and further research is needed for their closer inspection. and Radomír Němec, Vlasta Škorpíková, Václav Křivan.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
730. Ferredoxin: the central hub connecting photosystem I to cellular metabolism
- Creator:
- Mondal, J. and Bruce, B. D.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- přenos elektronů, electron transfer, cellular metabolism, ferredoxin, global interaction, oxidation-reduction, 2, and 581
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Ferredoxin (Fd) is a small soluble iron-sulfur protein essential in almost all oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. It contains a single [2Fe-2S] cluster coordinated by four cysteine ligands. It accepts electrons from the stromal surface of PSI and facilitates transfer to a myriad of acceptors involved in diverse metabolic processes, including generation of NADPH via Fd-NADP-reductase, cyclic electron transport for ATP synthesis, nitrate reduction, nitrite reductase, sulfite reduction, hydrogenase and other reductive reactions. Fd serves as the central hub for these diverse cellular reactions and is integral to complex cellular metabolic networks. We describe advances on the central role of Fd and its evolutionary role from cyanobacteria to algae/plants. We compare structural diversity of Fd partners to understand this orchestrating role and shed light on how Fd dynamically partitions between competing partner proteins to enable the optimum transfer of PSI-derived electrons to support cell growth and metabolism., J. Mondal, B. D. Bruce., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public