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592. Příroda čarodějka - tři záhady ze světa bejlomorek
- Creator:
- Václav Skuhravý and Marcela Skuhravá
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, fauna, bejlomorkovití, hmyz, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Three gall midge species displaying remarkable distribution in the Palaearctic region (Lasioptera artemisiae, Dasineura corniculata, Lasioptera eryngii) the causes of which cannot be explained, are discussed. and Václav Skuhravý, Marcela Skuhravá.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
593. Přivandrovalec o jedné noze kráčí českou krajinou - mapování výskytu tmavoretky bělavé v letech 2008-11
- Creator:
- Peltanová, Alena and Lucie Juřičková
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, měkkýši, plži, Česko, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- In 2008, a call to map out the Cartusian Snail’s (Monacha cartusiana) recent distribution in the Czech Republic was published (Živa 2008, 2: 73). Due to the useful help of experts and the general public, the intensive spread of this non-indigenous species was observed and described. In this short report, we discuss inter alia the changes in distribution of several non-native land snails species. and Alena Peltanová, Lucie Juřičková.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
594. Problematika patogenů u lýkožroutů
- Creator:
- Lukášová, Karolina and Jaroslav Holuša
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, hmyz, lýkožrout, ochrana rostlin, životní prostředí, insects, Ips, plant conservation, environment, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Patogeny lýkožroutů (kůrovců) zahrnují široké spektrum druhů z různých skupin od prvoků, mikrosporidií a hub až po zelené řasy. Napadené jedince lze poznat až na základě pitvy a analýzy pod mikroskopem, nevykazují žádné vnější projevy onemocnění. U většiny druhů patogenů navíc neznáme konkrétní vlivy na napadené jedince, snad s výjimkou nemocí rozkládajících tukové těleso, kdy dochází k úhynu hostitele během přezimování nebo v požerku. Často se uvádí možný význam patogenů pro využití v biologickém boji proti kůrovcům, praktická aplikace je však stále problematická vzhledem ke kryptickému způsobu života brouků pod kůrou a obtížné (i nákladné) kultivaci., Pathogens of bark beetles (Scolytinae) include a broad spectrum of species from different groups of protozoa, microsporidia and fungi to green algae. Individuals with infection can only be recognized after dissection and microscopic analysis; they show no external signs of disease. In addition, we don't know the effects of most pathogen species on the infested individuals, perhaps with the exception of diseased decomposing fat body, which leads to the death of the host during hibernation or in the breeding system. Potential use of pathogens in biological control against bark beetles is often discussed in the literature, but practical application is still problematic due to the cryptic nature of beetles' life under the bark and difficult (and expensive) cultivation of pathogens., and Karolina Lukášová, Jaroslav Holuša.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
595. Proč kukačka neparazituje nejnápadnější ptáky? Konkrétní příklad s obecným poučením pro ekologické studie
- Creator:
- Tomáš Grim
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, ochrana živočichů, ornitologie, environmentální výzkum, ptáci, hnízdiště, kukačka, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Cuckoos parasitize many rare and inconspicuous host species but avoid other common and conspicuous ones. In this article, results of a study that solved this long-standing ecological conundrum are described. I use this work to illustrate va - rious weaknesses of typical ecological studies (sample size, data representativeness, reification) and give suggestions for a better research practice in the future. and Tomáš Grim.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
596. Proč se hmyz hodí pro základní výzkum chladové odolnosti živočichů?
- Creator:
- Vladimír Košťál
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, hmyz, kryobiologie, zoology, insects, cryobiology, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Někteří zástupci třídy hmyzu patří k chladově nejodolnějším organismům na Zemi. Přežijí podchlazení až pod -50°C nebo kompletní zmrznutí (přeměnu tělní vody na led). Dokonce je dokážeme, jako celé komplexní organismy, téměř neomezeně dlouho skladovat v kapalném dusíku. Výzkum principiální podstaty této výjimečné schopnosti hmyzu může přinést poznatky využitelné pro praktické technologie kryokonzervace biologického materiálu., Some insects are to the most cold-tolerant organisms on Earth. They survive supercooling down to -50°C or complete freezing (transition of body water to ice). Moreover, we can store the insect organism in its whole complexity in liquid nitrogen almost indefinitely. Research on the principles behind this exceptional ability of insects can provide knowledge that will be useful for the development of practical protocols for the cryopreservation of biological material., and Vladimír Košťál.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
597. Proteomic analysis of potential immunoreactive proteins from muscle larvae and adult worms of Trichinella spiralis in experimentally infected pigs
- Creator:
- Bien, Justyna, Cabaj, Wladyslaw, and Bożena Moskwa
- Format:
- electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- antigeny, hmotnostní spektrometrie, antigens, mass spectroscopy, Trichinella, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The present study was undertaken to identify potentially immunoreactive proteins of the muscle larvae (ML) and adult stage (Ad) of the nematode Trichinella spiralis Owen, 1835. To identify immunoreactive proteins that are specifically recognised by anti-Trichinella antibodies, ML and Ad crude extracts and their excretory-secretory (E-S) products were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblot with serum samples from pigs experimentally infected with T. spiralis. A total of 18 bands were selected for final identification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. To further understand the functions of the proteins identified in this study, gene ontology terms were applied. Results showed that the specific antibodies against T. spiralis reacted with protein bands matching heat shock proteins, aminopeptidase, enolase, isocitrate dehydrogenase NADP-dependent, tropomyosin, P49 antigen, serine proteinase, secreted 5'-nucleotidase, antigen targeted by protective antibodies, 53 kDa E-S antigen, putative trypsin and paramyosin. Three proteins common for both adult stage and muscle larvae, including heat shock proteins, enolase and 5'-nucleotidase, might play important role during T. spiralis infection. These proteins are presumably presented to the host immune system and may induce humoral immune response. Thus, these proteins may be potential antigens for early diagnosis and the development of a vaccine against the parasite., Justyna Bien, Wladyslaw Cabaj, Bozena Moskwa., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
598. Proteomic approach to understanding the maternal effect in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
- Creator:
- Li, Aiqing, Wang, Liangliang, Liang, Min, Zhou, Qiugen, Wang, Guobao, and Hou, Fanfan
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Diptera, Sarcophagidae, Sarcophaga bullata, maternal effect, short-day history, proteomic, actin-binding, diapause, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Progeny of the flesh fly Sarcophaga bullata exposed to short day length show a maternal effect that prevents the expression of pupal diapause. Although ecological aspects of this effect are well studied, not enough is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this maternal effect. In this study, two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed to detect differences of the abundance of certain proteins in the ovaries of this fly kept under long day and short day conditions for 2 days after eclosion. Eleven proteins that were abundant and showed significant changes were selected for mass spectrometric identification. Ovary proteins that increased in abundance under short-day conditions were similar to twinstar CG4254-PA, muscle protein 20-like protein, GA13413-PA, gene analogous to small peritrophins (Gasp CG10287-PA) and Ribosomal protein LP1 CG4087-PA. Ovary proteins that decreased in abundance under short-day conditions were similar to the ATP synthase beta subunit, fk506-binding protein and storage protein-binding protein. The 2-D proteome maps included 2 additional unknown proteins that were more abundant and 1 that was less abundant in the ovaries of 2-day old short-day females. Twinstar CG4254-PA, muscle protein 20-like protein and GA13413-PA harbour an actin-binding domain. That the 3 actin-binding proteins increase in abundance suggests that it is likely that an alteration in the actin cytoskeleton is involved in this maternal effect in the flesh fly., Aiqing Li ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
599. Proudové koridory, náplavy a měkkýši. I. Pojem náplav, jeho vymezení a postavení v nivním ekosystému
- Creator:
- Vojen Ložek and Lucie Juřičková
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, fauna, měkkýši, nivní biotopy, vodní toky, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The importance of stream corridors and flood deposits for the spreading of molluscs is demonstrated using some examples from the Czech territory. Three types of floodplain debris, which contain shell accumulation, are distinguished: allochtonous debris accumulated by river flow on riversides, autochtonous accumulation in quiet parts of alluvium far from the main flow, and accumulation caused by strong turbulence during flooding. and Vojen Ložek, Lucie Juřičková.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
600. První nález varanovce bornejského ve Východním Kalimantanu a další setkání se vzácným ještěrem
- Creator:
- Ivan Vergner
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, plazi, ještěři, reptiles, Sauria, Borneo (Velké Sundy : ostrov), 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Varanovec bornejský (Lanthanotus borneensis) patří k nejvzácnějším a nejméně známým plazům. V článku je popsána historie jeho objevů a její průběh ve 20. století, dále jeho anatomie, osteologie, morfologie a fylogeneze. Jsou podány i vzácné informace o jeho ekologii. Je v něm popsán i první nález tohoto druhu ve Východním Kalimantanu (Borneo, Indonésie) a první poznatky z chovu a chování varanovce v podmínkách terária v japonské zoo. Kameraman Stano Slušný a etnolog Miroslav Nožina viděli v roce 2001 uloveného živého varanovce ve vsi Respen na břehu řeky Sesayap v okrese Malinau na severu indonéské provincie Východní Kalimantan. Z literatury vyplývá, že šlo o první pozorování varanovce bornejského nejen v této provincii, ale v té době dokonce o první nález tohoto druhu na území Indonésie., The Earless Monitor Lizard (Lanthanotus borneensis) is one of the rarest and least known of all reptiles. This article describes the history of discoveries throughout the 20th century, as well as its anatomy, osteology, morphology and phylogenesis. Valuable information on its ecology is also provided. The first discovery of this species in Eastern Kalimantan (Borneo, Indonesia) – Respen by Sesayap river in 2001 – by Czech travellers and the first findings from breeding and rearing of these lizards in terrarium conditions at a zoo in Japan are also reported., and Ivan Vergner.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public