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142. Detection of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA marker linked to cocoon traits in the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)
- Creator:
- Sreekumar, Sivaramakurup, Ashwath, Southekal K., Slathia, Monika, Kumar, Sundaramurthy N., and Qadri, Syed M. H.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Bombyx mori, bulked segregant analysis, cocoon traits, single nucleotide polymorphism, quantitative trait loci, QTL, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Cocoon weight and shell weight are the key economic traits ultimately determining silk yield. In order to detect the main quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the cocoon traits of the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori, the parents of larvae that produced cocoons that differed greatly in weight and shell weight were screened using 240 primer pairs of single nucleotide polymorphic markers (SNPs) representing all the 28 linkage groups in silkworm. Out of the 240 primer pairs, 48 (20%) revealed distinct polymorphism between the parents, which was confirmed by the co-dominant expression of both polymorphic PCR products in the F1 generation. The bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was used to compare the SNP profiles of the parents, F1 and F2 bulks using the 48 informative SNP primers. This revealed that out of 48 primer pairs, only one pair, i.e., No. 04124 of the linkage group 4 showed clear differences in the amplified products between the bulks corresponding to that of the parents with different cocoon traits suggesting that the DNA regions amplified by this primer pair are closely linked to the QTL controlling the cocoon traits. The results were also confirmed by screening the backcross (BC) progeny. This is the first report of the identification of a QTL using SNPs with BSA. The results of the present study indicate that it might be possible to use SNPs for marker assisted selection (MAS) in silkworm breeding programs aimed at improving cocoon traits. and Sivaramakurup Sreekumar, Southekal K. Ashwath, Monika Slathia, Sundaramurthy N. Kumar, Syed M.H. Qadri.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
143. Determining the season of death from the family composition of insects infesting carrion
- Creator:
- Moretti, Thiago De Carvalho, Bonato, Vinícius, and Godoy, Wesley Augusto Conde
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, forensic science, forensic entomology, necrophagous insects, seasonal dating, seasonality, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Fanniidae, Formicidae, baseline-category logit model, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Determining the season of death by means of the composition of the families of insects infesting carrion is rarely attempted in forensic studies and has never been statistically modelled. For this reason, a baseline-category logit model is proposed for predicting the season of death as a function of whether the area where the carcass was exposed is sunlit or shaded and of the relative abundance of particular families of carrion insects (Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Sarcophagidae, and Formicidae). The field study was conducted using rodent carcasses (20-252 g) in an urban forest in southeastern Brazil. Four carcasses (2 in a sunlit and 2 in a shaded area) were placed simultaneously at the study site, twice during each season from August 2003 through June 2004. The feasibility of the model, measured in terms of overall accuracy, is 64 ± 14%. It is likely the proposed model will assist forensic teams in predicting the season of death in tropical ecosystems, without the need of identifying the species of specimens or the remains of carrion insects. and Thiago de Carvalho Moretti, Vinícius Bonato, Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
144. Deterrence of feeding in Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) after treatment of antennae with a nitric oxide donor
- Creator:
- Sfara, Valeria, Zerba, Eduardo N., and Alzogaray, Raúl A.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Triatominae, Rhodnius prolixus, feeding behaviour, nitric oxide, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The blood-sucking bug Rhodnius prolixus is the main vector of Chagas Disease in Colombia, Venezuela and several countries in Central America. Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous gaseous molecule present in most types of cell and participates in the olfactory pathway of insects. In this work, nitroso-acetyl-cysteine (SNAC), a nitric oxide donor, was topically applied to the antennae of fifth instar nymphs of R. prolixus. After SNAC treatment, these insects showed a dose-dependent reluctance to feed when provided with a living pigeon as the food source (ED50 = 5.2 µg/insect). However, there was no reluctance to feed when db-cGMP was applied to the antennae of nymphs. In another experiment, insects that had their antennae treated with SNAC were less attracted than the control group to a CO2 source. A possible role of NO in the olfactory pathway of R. prolixus is discussed. and Valeria Sfara, Eduardo N. Zerba, Raúl A. Alzogaray.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
145. Development of novel microsatellite markers for a specialist species of Lepidoptera, Boloria aquilonaris (Nymphalidae), based on 454 sequences
- Creator:
- Vandewoestijne, Sofie, Turlure, Camille, and Baguette, Michel
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, microsatellite, pyrosequencing, cross-amplification, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Microsatellites are the most common markers used in population and conservation genetic studies. However, their isolation is laborious and expensive. In some taxa, such as Lepidoptera, it is particularly difficult to isolate microsatellite markers due to the high similarity of the flanking regions of different loci and the presence of null alleles. Here we isolated microsatellites of the endangered butterfly Boloria aquilonaris using 454 GS-FLX Titanium pyro-sequences of biotin enriched DNA libraries and tested the success of cross-amplification on the sister-species B. eunomia. Fifteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated in B. aquilonaris using initially 101 stringently designed primer pairs. Unlike in many other studies of microsatellite isolation in Lepidoptera, few null alleles were detected and only at very low frequencies. Additionally, the raw data set can still be used for the isolation of other microsatellite loci. None of the selected polymorphic loci for B. aquilonaris gave clear banding patterns for B. eunomia, although about 15 other loci gave promising banding patterns for the latter species. Low intra- and inter-specific transferability of developed markers in this study also lends support to the hypothesis that the evolution of the genome of Lepidoptera is dissimilar from that of other organisms., Sofie Vandewoestijne, Camille Turlure, Michel Baguette., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
146. Developmental temperature, body size and male mating success in fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
- Creator:
- Pavkovic-Lučic, Sofija and Kekic, Vladimir
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Drosophilidae, developmental temperature, body size, mating success, Drosophila melanogaster, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Body size is one of the most investigated traits in studies of sexual selection in fruit flies of the genus Drosophila. In D. melanogaster, size has often been correlated with male mating success, i.e. larger males were more successful in achieving copulations both in laboratory and field conditions. In the present paper, we investigated if male body size is a sexually selected trait in competitive conditions, when full-sibs that developed at two different temperatures (18 and 25°C) competed for females. Males developed at a lower temperature were significantly larger than those reared at a higher temperature, but they were not more successful in mating. We conclude that when body size is significantly induced by temperature variability, it is not correlated with male mating success., Sofija Pavkovic-Lučic, Vladimir Kekic., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
147. Devět let obnoveného vydávání časopisu Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae a jeho význam pro rozvoj taxonomie
- Creator:
- Aleš Bezděk
- Format:
- Type:
- article, zprávy, reports, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, Národní muzeum (Praha, Česko)., Přírodovědecké muzeum, entomologie, zoologické názvosloví, impakt faktor, entomology, zoological nomenclature, impact factor, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Aleš Bezděk.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
148. Diapause and post-diapause quiescence demonstrated in overwintering Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in northwestern Europe
- Creator:
- Raak-Van Den Berg, C. Lidwien, Peter Willem De Jong, Hemerik, Lia, and Van Lenteren, Joop C.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Harmonia axyridis, invasive species, hibernation, diapause, quiescence, pre-oviposition period, semi-field esperiment, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is regarded as an invasive species in many parts of the world. In a previous study we hypothesised that H. axyridis enters diapause at the end of October and then shifts to a quiescent state in December in northwestern Europe. In the present study we test this idea of a short, early period of diapause by sampling beetles from their hibernation sites immediately after their migratory flights in October, subsequently keeping them in outdoor cages, and then, after certain time-intervals, measuring the pre-oviposition time under optimal egg-laying laboratory conditions at 25°C. We did this at both short (12L) and long (16L) photoperiods, since a photoperiodic response is an indicator of true diapause, rather than quiescence. A significant, albeit small, difference in pre-oviposition period between the two photoperiods, which disappears in December, corroborates our earlier hypothesis that the ladybirds are in a state of diapause until mid-December. Compared with that of native ladybirds the diapause of H. axyridis generally is relatively short and weak; moreover, it appears to have become shorter over the last decade. This flexibility in diapausing behaviour may be an important factor that contributes to the invasive success of H. axyridis., C. Lidwien Raak-Van Den Berg ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seynam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
149. Diaspidid (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) size plasticity as an adaptive life history trait
- Creator:
- Hill, M. Garry, Henderson, Rosa C., and Mauchline, Nicola A.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, life history, developmental biology, Diaspididae, fecundity, host plant resistance, polyphagy, plasticity, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The size and fecundity of Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on partially resistant and susceptible kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) varieties was measured. The size ratio of mature H. lataniae grown on a partially resistant genotype, compared with those on a susceptible genotype, was 0.67-0.51 for 2nd instar exuviae area, 0.32 for adult body area and 0.18 for estimated body volume. The fertility ratio was 0.1, but the pre-oviposition period and the size of the crawlers were the same. Diaspidid scale insects' unusual ability to continue growing after the final moult appears to be a key feature allowing these insects to show extreme size plasticity while retaining the ability to reproduce even when very small. These observations challenge current theories of insect development that postulate the need to achieve a critical weight threshold before the final moult. We suggest that this strategy may have assisted the evolution of polyphagy within the Diaspididae. and M. Garry HILL, Rosa C. HENDERSON, Nicola A. MAUCHLINE.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
150. Die antike Tierwelt.
- Creator:
- Keller, Otto,
- Type:
- text and monografie
- Subject:
- Zoologie, antika, zvířata, and antický svět
- Language:
- German
- Rights:
- unknown