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Start Over Subject fyziologie Date Unknown

235. Karas stříbřitý a jeho příbuzní

Creator:
Lukáš Kalous
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, ryby, obojživelníci, plazi, molekulární biologie, virologie, imunologie, fyziologie, genetika, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, molecular biology, virology, immunology, physiology, genetics, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Článek se zabývá taxonomií, reprodukční biologií, fylogenetikou, fylogeografií a introdukční historií ryb rodu karas (Carassius). Článek poskytuje souhrn poznatků, které jsou značně komplikované a spojené s jedinečným způsobem rozmnožování, definicí druhu a nepřesným chápáním biologie a systematiky těchto ryb v minulosti. Celá problematika je ještě daleko od svého kompletního vyřešení, ale současný pohled nám může pomoci v lepší péči o vodní prostředí., This article deals with the taxonomy, re­productive biology, phylogenetics, phylo­geography and introduction history of the fishes of the genus Carassius. It summarizes findings associated with their unique mode of reproduction, challenging species delimitation and insufficient understanding of the biology and systematics of these fishes in the past. Deeper insight into the biology of Prussian Carp (Carassius gibelio) will require more research, but the available re­sults can improve our understanding and management of the aquatic environment., Lukáš Kalous., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

236. KATP channels are involved in regulatory volume decrease in rat cardiac myocytes

Creator:
Leiyu Shi, Xu, M., Liu, J., Zhang, Z., Bao, Z., Wang, Y., Wang, C., and Wang, Jun
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, whole-cell patch clamp, ATP-sensitive K+ channel, regulatory volume decrease, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Regulatory volume decrease (RVD) is essential for the survival of animal cells. The aim of this study was to observe the RVD process in rat ventricular myocytes, and to determine if the KATP channels are involved in the RVD process in these cells. By using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, we demonstrated that there are two types of KATP channels expressed in rat ventricular myocytes: Kir6.1 and Kir6.2. When rat cardiac myocytes were exposed to hypotonic solution, cell volume increased significantly within 15 min and then gradually recovered. This typical RVD process could be inhibited by a Cl– channel blocker (0.5 mM 9-anthracene-carboxylic acid , 9-AC), a K+ channel blocker (5.0 mM CsCl) and a KATP channel blocker glibenclamide (10 μM). Electrophysiological results showed that hypotonic solution activated a whole-cell current, which had similar biophysical characteristics with KATP opener (pinacidil)-induced currents. This current could be blocked by glibenclamide. Our data suggested that the RVD process in rat ventricular myocytes is dependent on the activation of K+ channels, and that KATP channels are involved in this process., L. Shi ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

237. Kreatinkinázový systém v kosterním svalu

Creator:
Jitka Žurmanová
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, zoologie, molekulární biologie, virologie, imunologie, fyziologie, genetika, antropologie, molecular biology, virology, immunology, physiology, genetics, anthropology, 2, and 59
Language:
Czech
Description:
Následující řádky přinášejí informaci o významném buněčném mechanismu, který pomáhá udržovat energetickou rovnováhu buněk v okamžicích náhlého zvýšení požadavku na dodávku energie. Tento mechanismus také usnadňuje přenos energeticky bohatých substrátů v buněčném prostoru k místům jeho spotřeby a je zvláště rozvinutý v buňkách, jejichž požadavky na dodávku energie v průběhu času značně kolísají a jsou schopné vysokého výkonu. Můžeme jej pozorovat ve svalových vláknech, srdečních myocytech, neuronech, ale i ve spermatických buňkách, které se po probuzení k aktivitě pokouší vyhrát závod s ostatními a splnit tím svoji biologickou úlohu., The article presents information on an im­portant cell mechanism that helps to maintain the energy balance in cells at mo­ments when there is a sudden increase in demand for energy supply. This mechanism also facilitates the transfer of ener­gy-rich substrata in cellular space to the locations of its consumption, and it is parti­cularly well-developed in cells that are ca­pable of high performance and their energy requirements vary considerably over time. We can observe it in muscle fibres, cardiac myocytes, neurons and sperm cells., and Jitka Žurmanová.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

238. Kynurenic acid prevented social recognition deficits induced by MK-801 in rats

Creator:
Zdeněk Hliňák and Ivan Krejčí
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, amnesia, kynurenic acid, MK-801, social recognition, working memory, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
MK-801 impaired social recognition potency of adult male rats when given immediately after the initial interaction with a juvenile rat. Administration of kynurenic acid prior to the initial interaction protected the adults against recognition deficits induced by MK-801. When re-exposed at a delay of 30 min to the familiar juvenile, social investigation in the adults was significantly reduced. Thus, the adults are able to remember olfactory stimuli emitted by juvenile con-specifics., Z. Hliňák, I. Krejčí., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

239. L-malate enhances the gene expression of carried proteins and antioxidant enzymes in liver of aged rats

Creator:
Zeng, X., Wu, J., Wu, Q., and Zhang, J.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, l-malate, mitochondria antioxidant, malate-aspartate shuttle, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR), 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Previous studies in our laboratory reported L-malate as a free radical scavenger in aged rats. To investigate the antioxidant mechanism of L-malate in the mitochondria, we analyzed the change in gene expression of two malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS)-related carried proteins (A GC, aspartate/glutamate carrier and OMC, oxoglutarate/malate carrier) in the inner mitochondrial membrane, and three antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px) in the mitochondria. The changes in gene expression of these proteins and enzymes were examined by real-time RT-PCR in the heart and liver of aged rats treated with L-malate. L-malate was orally administered in rats continuously for 30 days using a feeding atraumatic needle. We found that the gene expression of OMC and GSH-Px mRNA in the liver increased by 39 % and 38 %, respectively, in the 0.630 g/kg L-malate treatment group than that in the control group. The expression levels of SOD mRNA in the liver increased by 39 %, 56 %, and 78 % in the 0.105, 0.210, and 0.630 g/kg L-malate treatment groups, respectively. No diffe rence were observed in the expression levels of AGC, OMC, CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px mRNAs in the heart of rats between the L-malate treatment and control groups. These results predicted that L-malate may increase the antioxidant capacity of mitochondr ia by enhancing the expression of mRNAs involved in the MAS and the antioxidant enzymes., X: Zeng, J. Wu, Q. Wu, J. Zhang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

240. L-malate reverses oxidative stress and antioxidative defenses in liver and heart of aged rats

Creator:
Wu, J.-L., Wu, Q.-P., Yang, X.-F., Wei, M.-K., Zhang, J.-M., Huang, Q., and Zhou, X.-Y.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Experimentální medicína, fyziologie, peroxidázy, mitochondrie, physiology, peroxidases, mitochondrias, antioxidative defense system, glutathione peroxidase, L-malate, reactive oxygen species, 14, and 616-092
Language:
English
Description:
The intracellular levels of antioxidant and free radical scavenging enzymes are gradually altered during the aging process. An age-dependent increase of oxidative stress occurring throughout the lifetime is hypothesized to be the major cause of aging. The current study examined the effects of L-malate on oxidative stress and antioxidative defenses in the liver and heart of aged rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four groups, each group consisting of 6 animals. Group Ia and Group IIa were young and aged control rats. Group Ib and Group IIb were young and aged rats treated with L-malate (210 mg/kg body weight per day). L-malate was orally administrated via intragastric canula for 30 days, then the rats were sacrificed and the liver and heart were removed to determine the oxidant production, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative defenses of young and aged rats. Dietary L-malate reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and significantly decreased the level of lipid peroxidation in the liver and heart of the aged rats. Accordingly, L-malate was found to enhance the antioxidative defense system with an increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and increased glutathione (GSH) levels in the liver of aged rats, a phenomenon not observed in the heart of aged rats. Our data indicate that oxidative stress was reversed and the antioxidative defense system was strengthened by dietary supplementation with L-malate., J.-L. Wu, Q.-P. Wu, X.-F. Yang, M.-K. Wei, J.-M. Zhang, Q. Huang, X.-Y. Zhou., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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