The Purpose of the study: define the indications and contraindications to, combined operation in locally invasive tumor of the rectum. The Material and methods of the study: we have analysed results combined operation in cancer of the rectum with germination in genital organs, performed in department of coloproctology in National Oncological Scientific centre during 20052009 years. Under observation were 118 women at age from 21 to 68 years. This before 45 years 26 patients, from 46 to 59 years 54 patients, 60 and above years. The Results and their discussion: Postoperative complications suppurativeinflammatory character appeared beside 36 patients (30,5%), most of all after abdomeno perineal extirpation of rectum (35,5%) and abdominoanal resection of the rectum (33,3%). In lesser extend after front resection of the rectum and after operation Hartman (28,5% and 22,7%). The General lethality has formed 3,4%, have died after combined operation 4 patients from 118 operated patients. The Conclusion: thereby, brought data evident that such important factors, as frequency of the origin relapse (28%), 5year probability of survival (37,1%), under combined interference and operation of the standard volume in the cancer of the rectum practically the same., H. B. Bobokulov, A. M. Hakimov, and Literatura
Věkem podmíněná makulární degenerace (VPMD) je v rozvinutých zemích nejčastější příčinou ztráty zraku lidí starších 55 let. Vlhká forma této choroby je příčinou těžké ztráty zraku u 90 % postižených. VPMD vzniká spolupůsobením genetických faktorů a faktorů životního stylu. Klíčovým mechanizmem vzniku vlhké formy VPMD je novotvorba cév, stimulovaná růstovým faktorem VEGF. Léčbou volby VPMD jsou proto preparáty anti-VEGF, podávané formou injekcí do sklivce. V mezinárodních studiích jsou zkoumány nové léky na VPMD. Léčbu je třeba zahájit včas, dokud není vážně postižena zraková ostrost., Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of vision loss in developed countries in people older than 55 years. The wet form of this disease is the cause of severe vision impairment in 90 percent of patients. AMD develops as a result of an interaction between genetic and lifestyle factors. The key mechanism in the development of wet AMD is the growth of new vessels, stimulated by the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The treatment of choice is, therefore, the use of anti-VEGF agents administered as intravitreal injections. International clinical studies are evaluating new AMD treatments. It is necessary to start the treatment early, before severe visual impairment occurs., I. Fišer, and Lit.: 20
Tato práce shrnuje dosavadní poznatky o dietní vláknině a jejich účincích na lidský organizmus. V článku je uvedena klasifikace a definice dietní vlákniny. Klasifikace necelulózových polysacharidů podle chemické struktury je zobrazena v přehledném schématu. Dále jsou v práci uvedeny účinky vlákniny na gastrointestinální trakt, metabolizmus cholesterolu a sacharidů. Je?li rozpustná vláknina fermentována v tlustém střevě, jsou produkovány krátké mastné kyseliny, vodík a methan. Produkce těchto kyselin je spojena s mnoha fyziologickými procesy podporujícími zdraví. Nutriční kvalitu dietní vlákniny lze hodnotit pomocí transit time, stanovením methanu či vodíku ve vydechovaném vzduchu., Up to date knowledge in the dietary fibre and its effects upon the human organism is summarized. A definition and a classification of the dietary fibre is elaborated in this article. The non?cellulosis polysaccharides classification in terms of their chemical struscture is shown in a diagram. The effects of the dietary fibre on the gastrointestinal tract, metabolism of cholesterol and glucose are presented. When soluble dietary fibre is fermented in the colon, short chain fatty acids, methane and hydrogen are produced. The production and consupmtion these acids is involved in numerous physiological process promoting health. The nutritional quality of dietary fibre as well as transit time of that fibre can be evaluated using methane or hydrogen determination in breath., Z. Zadák, A. Tichá, R. Hyšpler, B. Jurašková, and Lit.: 8
Práca sa zameriava na akútne metabolické komplikácie diabetes mellitus u seniorov, najmä na hyperosmolárny hyperglykemický syndróm (HHS). V priebehu roka 2008 bolo na Internú kliniku I. vo FNsP Prešov prijatých 14 pacientov pre HHS (priemerný vek 73,7 roka, SD ? 8,1 roka). Ako závažná komorbidita u týchto pacientov bola v siedmi prípadoch zistená jednostranná rozvinutá bronchopneumonia, v šiesti prípadoch urosepsa, jedna príčina vzniku HHS nebola známa. Štyria pacienti napriek intenzívnej liečbe zomreli ? pre srdcové zlyhanie dvaja pacienti, jeden pre embolizáciu do pľúc a jeden pacient pre malígnu poruchu rytmu. V odbornej literatúre je úmrtnosť na HHS v závislosti od komplikácií popisovaná od 10 % do 50 %. V geriatrickom veku je problematika HHS stále aktuálna, pretože štatisticky rastie pravdepodobnosť poruchy glukózovej tolerancie, prejavy diabetes mellitus môžu byť menej výrazné a okolie ich nevníma náležitým spôsobom. Seniori sa dostávajú do nemocnice zvyčajne pozde a liečba je potom finančne i časovo veľmi náročná., In observation we shoot for the appearence of the metabolic complications of diabetes mellitus in senior? hyperglycemy hyperosmolary syndrom (HHS). During 2008 was in the Internal clinis and Clinic of geriatrics FNsP Prešov 14 patients with HHS hospitalized (average age 73.7 years, SD ? 8.1 years). As a major co-morbidity in these patients was in seven cases uniletarale bronchopneumony detected, in six cases was urosepsis detected, one cause of HHS was unknown, four patients died despite intensive treatment ? two patient died of heart failure, one patient died of tromboembolic disease and one patient died of maligny dysrytmy. In special literature is the mortality of HHS 10? 50%, depending of the complications. The problem of HHS is in the seniors always actual because in this age is statistic advanced appereance of the PGT and the showings of diabetes mellitus are lessmarkedly. The senior comes to the hospital usually later and than the treatment is challenge for the time an for the many., M. Babčák, and Lit.: 19