Let $G$ be a $k$-connected graph with $k \ge 2$. A hinge is a subset of $k$ vertices whose deletion from $G$ yields a disconnected graph. We consider the algebraic connectivity and Fiedler vectors of such graphs, paying special attention to the signs of the entries in Fiedler vectors corresponding to vertices in a hinge, and to vertices in the connected components at a hinge. The results extend those in Fiedler's papers Algebraic connectivity of graphs (1973), A property of eigenvectors of nonnegative symmetric matrices and its application to graph theory (1975), and Kirkland and Fallat's paper Perron Components and Algebraic Connectivity for Weighted Graphs (1998).
A tree is classified as being type I provided that there are two or more Perron branches at its characteristic vertex. The question arises as to how one might construct such a tree in which the Perron branches at the characteristic vertex are not isomorphic. Motivated by an example of Grone and Merris, we produce a large class of such trees, and show how to construct others from them. We also investigate some of the properties of a subclass of these trees. Throughout, we exploit connections between characteristic vertices, algebraic connectivity, and Perron values of certain positive matrices associated with the tree.
We consider an accessibility index for the states of a discrete-time, ergodic, homogeneous Markov chain on a finite state space; this index is naturally associated with the random walk centrality introduced by Noh and Reiger (2004) for a random walk on a connected graph. We observe that the vector of accessibility indices provides a partition of Kemeny’s constant for the Markov chain. We provide three characterizations of this accessibility index: one in terms of the first return time to the state in question, and two in terms of the transition matrix associated with the Markov chain. Several bounds are provided on the accessibility index in terms of the eigenvalues of the transition matrix and the stationary vector, and the bounds are shown to be tight. The behaviour of the accessibility index under perturbation of the transition matrix is investigated, and examples exhibiting some counter-intuitive behaviour are presented. Finally, we characterize the situation in which the accessibility indices for all states coincide., Steve Kirkland., and Obsahuje seznam literatury