The Marsh fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) has declined across Europe, including the Czech Republic. Current conservation strategies rely on prevention of habitat loss and degradation, and increase in habitat quality and connectivity via promoting traditional grassland management. The population structure and adult demography parameters of a single population was investigated for eight years (single system), and of all the known Czech populations (multiple populations) for a single year, using mark-recapture. There was substantial variation in the patterns of adult demography, both among years in the single system and among the multiple populations in a single year. In the single system, the date of the first flight of an adult varied by 18 days over the 8 years and total annual numbers varied with a coefficient of variation of 0.40 (females fluctuating more than males). The average density was ca 80 adults/ha. The population size displayed density-dependence, i.e. decreased following years with high adult numbers, with an equilibrium density of 90 individuals/ha. The average density of the multiple populations was ca 120 individuals/ha. The estimated total population for the Czech Republic was 25,000 individuals (17,000 males / 8,000 females) in 2007, which does not indicate an imminent threat of extinction. The regional persistence of E. aurinia is likely to depend on re-colonisation of temporarily vacant sites by dispersing individuals, facilitated by local shifts in adult flight phenology to that better adapted to local conditions. and Kamil Zimmermann, Pavla Blazkova, Oldrich Cizek, Zdenek Fric, Vladimir Hula, Pavel Kepka, David Novotny, Irena Slamova, Martin Konvicka.
Okáč bělopásný (Hipparchia alcyone) je v České republice kriticky ohrožený motýl. Jeho původní rozšíření se výrazně omezilo na malý areál v kaňonu Vltavy, kde byl zaznamenán jen malý počet jedinců. Pozitivní reakce populace motýlů na úpravy tohoto místa (redukce a rozvolňování korunového patra stromů) podporují hypotézu, že okáč bělopásný se specializuje na otevřené lesy a lesostepi. and The Rock Grayling (Hipparchia alcyone) butterfly is critically endangered in the Czech Republic. Its once wide distribution has shrunk to a small area in the Vltava River canyon, where the butterfly has survived in low numbers. Successful restoration of a site, aiming at canopy reduction supports the hypothesis that H. alcyone is a specialist of open woodlands and forest steppes.