Úvod: U lumbálnej sympatektómie sa ireverzibilne poškodí sympatikový kmeň a gangliá segmentov L1-L5, najčastejšie L2-L4. Výkon sa robí už od roku 1923. V minulosti boli jeho indikácie široké, po zavedení revaskularizačných metód význam poklesol. Cieľom práce je predstaviť literárny prehľad problematiky lumbálnej sympatektómie za posledných 15 rokov. Metóda: Literárny prehľad 113 akademických článkov svetovej literatúry. Patofyziológia: Princípom je zrušenie eferentácie na alfa-1 receptory, čím dochádza k relatívnej vazodilatácii malých ciev na dolných končatinách (DKK), prerušenie eferentácie exokrinných žliaz, ktorým sa zníži objem tvoreného potu a aferentácie nociceptorov ovplyvňujúcich bolesti DKK. Indikácie: Raynaudov fenomén, thromboangiitis obliterans, ischemická choroba dolných končatín (ICHDK) u nerevaskularizovateľného nálezu v štádiu Fontain III – IV, hyperhidróza, perzistujúca bolesť DKK, chronické bolesti amputačného pahýľu, omrzliny, oziabliny. Efekt: Tri najväčšie dohľadané štúdie uvádzajú pozitívny efekt v intervale 63,6 %−93,4 % u ICHDK a 97 %−100 % u hyperhidrózy. Za pozitívny efekt u pacienta považujú teplé DKK, zvýšenie prekrvenia, akceleráciu hojenia chronických defektov, zmiznutie potenia a zmenšenie bolestí DKK. Záver: lumbálna sympatektómia je stále použiteľnou metódou v terapii vyššie uvedených chorôb. Jej efekt závisí od správnej indikácie., Introduction: Lumbar sympathectomy (LS) irreversibly damages a part of the sympathetic trunk and adjacent ganglia between L1 and L5, typically between L2 and L4. The first LS was performed in 1923. Initially, it used to be performed very often; however, with the progress of vascular and endovascular surgery its importance gradually continues to decline. The aim of the paper is to present literature review focusing on LS over the past 15 years. Method: Literature review of 113 academic articles found in academic journal databases. Pathophysiology: Irreversible interruption of the efferent innervation leads to relative vasodilation of small vessels in lower extremities (α1-receptors blockade), and it reduces the volume of sweat due to inactivation of eccrine glands and nociception from lower limbs. Indication: Raynaud´s phenomenon, thromboangitis obliterans, non-revascularizable peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (Fontain grade III-IV), hyperhidrosis, persistent pain in lower extremities, chronic pain of amputation stump, frostbites, chilblains. Effect: The three largest studies showed a positive effect in 63.6–93.4% cases of PAD and in 97%−100% cases of hyperhidrosis. The positive effect was defined as warmer lower extremities, increased blood flow, acceleration of chronic defects healing, sweating disappearance and pain reduction. Conclusion: Lumbar sympathectomy still remains a useful method in the treatment of above mentioned diseases if properly indicated., and M. Pekař, M. Mazur, A. Pekařová, J. Kozák, A. Foltys
Anthracyclines represent one of the important classes of anti-cancer drugs; however, their major disadvantage is their profound cardiovascular toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate influence of anthracyclines on cardiovascular stiffness parameters estimated from pulse wave (PW). PW was measured in 59 cancer survivors treated with anthracyclines in childhood and in 248 healthy age-matched controls. Both patients and controls were divided into three age groups (13 – 15, 16 – 18 and 19 – 24 years). Central PW augmentation index (C-AI75) and augmentation pressure (C-AP75), both normalized to heart rate 75 bpm, were calculated as parameters of arterial wall stiffness. Central Buckberg sub-endocardial viability ratio (SEVR) was calculated as a parameter of diastolic function. Patients and controls were compared in each age group. C-AI75 and C-AP75 were significantly increased in patients in age groups 16 – 18 and 19 – 24 years. SEVR was decreased in patients in the oldest age group. Our results suggest that although toxic influence of
anthracyclines to arterial wall and heart are developing during childhood and puberty, they can be detected rather in the adulthood. These changes are yet subclinical; however, their presence indicates potentially increased cardiovascular risk in childhood cancer survivors treated with anthracyclines during childhood.