Hom-Lie algebra (superalgebra) structure appeared naturally in $q$-deformations, based on $\sigma $-derivations of Witt and Virasoro algebras (superalgebras). They are a twisted version of Lie algebras (superalgebras), obtained by deforming the Jacobi identity by a homomorphism. In this paper, we discuss the concept of $\alpha ^k$-derivation, a representation theory, and provide a cohomology complex of Hom-Lie superalgebras. Moreover, we study central extensions. As application, we compute derivations and the second cohomology group of a twisted ${\rm osp}(1,2)$ superalgebra and $q$-deformed Witt superalgebra.