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2. An annotated list of parasites (Isopoda, Copepoda, Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda and Nematoda) collected in groupers (Serranidae, Epinephelinae) in New Caledonia emphasizes parasite biodiversity in coral reef fish
- Creator:
- Justine, Jean-Lou, Beveridge, Ian, Boxshall, Geoffrey A., Bray, Rod A., Moravec, František, Trilles, Jean-Paul, and Whittington, Ian D.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Isopoda, Copepoda, Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda, Serranidae, Epinephelinae, parasite biodiversity, coral reef, and New Caledonia
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Over a 7-year period, parasites have been collected from 28 species of groupers (Serranidae, Epinephelinae) in the waters off New Caledonia. Host-parasite and parasite-host lists are provided, with a total of 337 host-parasite combinations, including 146 parasite identifications at the species level. Results are included for isopods (5 species), copepods (19), monogeneans (56), digeneans (28), cestodes (12), and nematodes (12). When results are restricted to those 14 fish species for which more than five specimens were examined and to parasites identified at the species level, 109 host-parasite combinations were recorded, with 63 different species, of which monogeneans account for half (32 species), and an average of 4.5 parasite species per fish species. Digenean records were compared for 16 fish species shared with the study of Cribb et al. (2002); based on a total of 90 parasite records identified at the species level, New Caledonia has 17 new records and only seven species were already known from other locations. We hypothesize that the present results represent only a small part of the actual biodiversity, and we predict a biodiversity of 10 different parasite species and 30 host-parasite combinations per serranid. A comparison with a study on Heron Island (Queensland, Australia) by Lester and Sewell (1989) was attempted: of the four species of fish in common and in a total of 91 host-parasite combinations, only six parasites identified at the species level were shared. This suggests strongly that insufficient sampling impairs proper biogeographical or ecological comparisons. Probably only 3% of the parasite species of coral reef fish are already known in New Caledonia.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3. Habitat use governs distribution patterns of saprophagous (litter-transforming) macroarthropods – a case study of British woodlice (Isopoda: Oniscidea)
- Creator:
- Purse, Behtan V., Gregory, Steve J., Harding, Paul, and Helen E. Roy
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea, decomposition, habitat breadth, niche breadth, range size, recording intensity, saoriogagous, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Despite the importance of saprophagous macroarthropods as key facilitators of plant litter decomposition within ecosystems and their likely sensitivity to global climate change and land-use change, a lack of ecological data has precluded attempts to explain their distribution patterns in terms of traits. Using an extensive set of large-scale and long-term biological records, the distribution patterns of 33 woodlice (Crustacea: Oniscidea) species in Britain were characterised by their range size (area of occupancy) and aggregation (degree to which occupied squares are clustered across the range). Body size and seven ecological traits were examined as correlates of range size and fill, while controlling for phylogeny and recording intensity, and comparing fine and broad-scale measures of habitat heterogeneity. Species that used a greater diversity of habitats had larger range sizes. Broad categorisation of habitats (by dominant vegetation) alongside other traits was less accurate in predicting range size than fine-scale habitat (microsites where individuals were discovered) data. The latter explained 25% more variance than broad-scale habitat data, highlighting the value of coupling biological recording of species with data on micro-habitat. Habitat use is an important trait in explaining distribution patterns and we conclude that ensuring land cover heterogeneity will favour conservation of saprophagous macro-arthropod diversity., Bethan V. Purse ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam lileratury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4. Jak označit stejnonožce?
- Creator:
- Ivan H. Tuf and Drahokoupilová, Táňa
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- article, text, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, biologie, stejnonožci, terénní výzkum, vědecké pokusy, biology, Isopoda, field research, scientific experiments, označování živočichů, terénní zoologie, stínka obecná, svinka obecná, Porcellio scaber, Armadillidium vulgare, 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Pro značení živočichů se užívá celá řada metod externích i interních značek. Testovali jsme vliv vnějšího značení na suchozemské stejnonožce (Isopoda) a zjistili jsme, že značení lakem na nehty zvyšuje mortalitu stínek obecných (Porcellio scaber) a že lak na nehty, stejně jako včelí označovač, způsobuje (přinejmenším) sníženou aktivitu svinek obecných (Armadillidium vulgare). Obě metody nejsou vhodné pro behaviorální studie., Zoologists often use internal or external marking techniques to distinguish individual subjects when they research a group of animals. We evaluated the effect of marking on terrestrial isopods. Our studies reveal that nail polish increased the mortality rate among the common woodlouse during a month-long monitoring period; and nail polish, as well as bee marker, decreased activity levels among the common pillbug in a short-term experiment. The conclusion is that neither agent is suitable as a marker in behavioural studies of woodlice., and Ivan H. Tuf, Táňa Drahokoupilová.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
5. Life cycle of the temporary fish parasite, Gnathia africana (Crustacea: Isopoda: Gnathiidae)
- Creator:
- Smit, Nico J., Basson, Linda, and Van As, Jo G.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Isopoda, Gnathiidae, Gnathia africana, life cycle, and fish parasite
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Laboratory work was conducted to elucidate the life cycle of the South African gnathiid isopod, Gnathia africana Barnard, 1914. The natural fish hosts of this temporary parasite, the super klipfish Clinus superciliosus (Linnaeus, 1758), were exposed to gnathiid larvae in the laboratory. It was found that G. africana has three larval stages, consisting of three unfed (zuphea) and three fed (praniza) stages. First-, second- and third-stage zuphea larvae took an average of 2 h 18 min, 2 h 43 min and 10 h 8 min respectively to complete their feeding and the first- and second-stage praniza moulted at 8 and 10 days respectively into the next zuphea stage. Three to six days after its last blood meal, the sex of the third and final praniza stage could be determined by the presence of either a testis or two ovaries in the dorsal pereon. Male larvae moulted into adult males between 8 and 10 days post feeding. Female larvae moulted at approximately 17 days into adult females. Fertilisation of the eggs by the male took place within 24 hours of completion of the female moult. The development of the embryos and subsequent release of the young larvae between 15 and 23 days post fertilisation completed the cycle. This entire cycle took approximately 62 days in water temperatures of 20-25°C.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public