A couple (σ, τ ) of lower and upper slopes for the resonant second order boundary value problem x ′′ = f(t, x, x′ ), x(0) = 0, x ′ (1) = ∫ 1 0 x ′ (s) dg(s), with g increasing on [0, 1] such that ∫ 1 0 dg = 1, is a couple of functions σ, τ ∈ C 1 ([0, 1]) such that σ(t) ≤ τ (t) for all t ∈ [0, 1], σ ′ (t) ≥ f(t, x, σ(t)), σ(1) ≤ ∫ 1 0 σ(s) dg(s), τ ′ (t) ≤ f(t, x, τ (t)), τ (1) ≥ ∫ 1 0 τ (s) dg(s), in the stripe ∫ t 0 σ(s) ds ≤ x ≤ ∫ t 0 τ (s) ds and t ∈ [0, 1]. It is proved that the existence of such a couple (σ, τ ) implies the existence and localization of a solution to the boundary value problem. Multiplicity results are also obtained.
The paper surveys recent results obtained for the existence and multiplicity of radial solutions of Dirichlet problems of the type ∇ · ( ∇v ⁄ √ 1 − |∇v| 2 ) = f(|x|, v) in BR, u = 0 on ∂BR, where BR is the open ball of center 0 and radius R in R n , and f is continuous. Comparison is made with similar results for the Laplacian. Topological and variational methods are used and the case of positive solutions is emphasized. The paper ends with the case of a general domain.
The authors consider the boundary value problem with a two-parameter nonhomogeneous multi-point boundary condition u ′′ + g(t)f(t, u) = 0, t ∈ (0, 1), u(0) = αu(ξ) + λ, u(1) = βu(η) + µ. Criteria for the existence of nontrivial solutions of the problem are established. The nonlinear term f(t, x) may take negative values and may be unbounded from below. Conditions are determined by the relationship between the behavior of f(t, x)/x for x near 0 and ±∞, and the smallest positive characteristic value of an associated linear integral operator. The analysis mainly relies on topological degree theory. This work complements some recent results in the literature. The results are illustrated with examples.