The annotated chromosome numbers of 25 species from 6 families of monocotyledons, most of them (14) belonging to Poaceae family, are presented here. The data, except three chromosome counts (Allium oleraceum from Hungary and Calamagrostis villosa from Slovakia), are all based on plants collected in the Czech Republic. The karyological data of 21 species represents new information. While the majority of species presented here originated from one or two localities each, the species Calamagrostis villosa has been studied more extensively: all plants, collected altogether at 13 localities (mountain and lower altitudes), are characterized by an invariable decaploid level (2n = 70). The record of triploid Allium oleraceum is only the second reference to this rare ploidy level in this species. All original karyological data are compared with literature references to particular species, preferentially from Europe.
Chyliza vittata is known to utilize leaves, stems and underground parts of several leafy and leafless orchids. Compared to the well-recorded feeding habits of C. vittata in Europe, its feeding habits in Japan are poorly studied. Thus, further records of its host plants and the habits of its larvae in Japan are likely to reveal the similarities and differences in its feeding habits in Europe and Japan. The current study reports C. vittata feeding on the stems of the mycoheterotrophic orchid Yoania japonica in central Japan. This study also showed that in spite of the small size of Yoania its reproductive success is not severely reduced when infested with C. vittata, whereas the robust stems of Gastrodia elata, which is its main host plant in Japan, are thought to be a defence against infestation by C. vittata., Kenji SUETSUGU., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Gymnadenia densiflora was recently either misinterpreted or not accepted as a distinct taxon by several authors. To resolve its taxonomic position and differentiation from the related G. conopsea, a detailed study of the morphology, chromosome numbers and distribution of these two taxa in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and neighbouring areas was carried out. Chromosome counts showed an invariable diploid chromosome number (2n = 40) for G. densiflora, while G. conopsea is diploid, tetraploid and rarely also pentaploid (2n = 40, 80, 100). Results of morphometric analyses (principal component analysis, cluster analysis, classificatory and canonical discriminant analysis) confirmed a good morphological separation between G. densiflora and G. conopsea. Characters such as the width of the second lowermost leaf, height of the plant, number of flowers in the inflorescence, number of leaves, and the ratio of height of the plant and distance from the stem base to the base of the uppermost sheathed leaf contributed most to this separation. Our study supports the recognition of G. densiflora as a distinct species.