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2. Lothar Zotz: o něm i o nás
- Creator:
- Vencl, Slavomil
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- ideologie a archeologie, Lothar Zotz, 2. světová válka, ideology and archaeology, and Second World War
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Autor srovnal svědectví a fakta o činnosti L. Zotze, a to hlavně za 2. světové války; soudí, že jestliže k vyrovnání s nacistickou minulostí vědy dochází až s půlstoletým zpožděním, pak objektivní hodnocení ideologického působení komunistické totality bude v postkomunistických zemích možné rovněž teprve s časovým odstupem několika desítek let., LOTHAR ZOTZ: ABOUT HIM, AND ABOUT US. The author compares testimony and facts relating to the work of L. Zotz, particularly during the Second World War; he judges that if coming to terms with the Nazi science past required half a century, then an objective evaluation of the ideological impact of the Communist totalitarian régime in the post–Communist states may also take several decades., and Der Autor vergleicht Aussagen einzelner Personen, amtliche Urkunden und teilweise auch die Korrespodenz mit Bezug auf die Rolle und Tätigkeit L. Zotzs, Professor an der Deutschen Universität Prag, während des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Zotz trat der NSDAP am 1. 5. 1933 bei, dem schriftlichen Zeugnis H. Reinerths zufolge soll er mit dem Nationalsozialismus aber schon vor der Machtergreifung sympathisiert haben. An die Universität Prag kam er auf Veranlassung des Reichsführers SS H. Himmler als Vertreter des Vereins Ahnenerbe. Er soll die Funktion eines „trojanischen Pferdes“ an der Prager Universität erfüllt haben. Im Geiste der Absichten des Dritten Reiches war L. Zotz um die Germanisierung des Landes und die Erfüllung seiner Aufgabe, der tschechischen Archäologie habhaft zu werden, bemüht. Der Möglichkeit, seine Absichten zu verwirklichen setzte der Ausgang des Zweiten Weltkrieges ein Ende. Der Autor parallelisiert die Situation in den 50er Jahren in Deutschland und in den postkommunistischen Ländern heute: In Deutschland wird eine Aufarbeitung der NS–Vergangenheit in der Wissenschaft mit nahezu 50 Jahren Verspätung erst heute möglich. Analog bleibt zu hoffen, daß auch in den heutigen postkommunistischen Ländern der unausweichliche Generationswechsel eine objektive Bewertung des kommunistischen Regimes herbeiführen wird, die gleichfalls ausnahmslos auf alle Bürger, einschließlich der Wissenschaftler, einwirkte, jedoch das Verhalten des Einzelnen unterschiedlich prägte, und zwar in Abhängigkeit von ihren Charaktereigenschaften.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
3. Resistance, collaboration, adaptation…: some notes on the research of the Czech society in the protectorate
- Creator:
- Kokoška, Stanislav
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- historiography, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and Second World War
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In this article the author raises several theoretical questions connected to an insuffi ciently researched topic, Czech society in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (15 March 1939-8/9 May 1945). He considers, on the one hand, possible theoretical starting points, which he sees as residing in the thorough application of sociological approaches to historical research, and, on the other hand, the debates over the terms ''collaboration'' and ''resistance''. The term ''collaboration'' (kolaborace) was imported into the Czech milieu, and is generally used to mean dishonourable work with, or for, the enemy. The author therefore sees the use of this term as being chiefl y in research on public policy, in which the extant sources usually provide enough information to form a reliable picture of the individual actors and their motives. In this respect the author also refers to the views of some Czech historians who have already pointed out that when discussing the behaviour of Czech society in the Protectorate it is extremely diffi cult to set a clear, universally valid boundary between resistance and collaboration. For actual research on Czech society in the Protectorate the author prefers semantically neutral terms, free of moralizing connotations. He sees inspiration in sociology, whose approaches enable the development of a more complex model than the hitherto widely held view of a society that lived in some kind of permanent dilemma between resistance and collaboration. Apart from research on everyday life in the Protectorate - the milieu which the individual actors moved about in - the author recommends exploring also the ''extent of adaptation'' (the way theactors accommodated themselves to the conditions of the new regime) and the ''extent of identifi cation'' (whether the actors identifi ed with the new regime and to what extent they considered it something unchangeable). From a comparison of both factors the author then deduces the actors’ basic attitude to the regime (positive, neutral, potentially hostile, hostile) and their basic modes of behaviour (loyalty, law-breaking, opportunism, resistance). The ''extent of identifi cation'' in particular constitutes the dynamic factor whose value was dependent on a whole range of circumstances. In researching Czech society in the Protectorate one must therefore consider other important topics, for example, the effect of Nazi and Allied propaganda, the responses in Czech society to the news about the course of the war, and, last but not least, fear, an integral part of Protectorate reality. To understand the behaviour of Czech society in the years of the Second World War (and therefore its values and orientation at the time of Liberation), one must in historical research devote suffi cient consideration to the elementary fact that this society found itself in the grip of a totalitarian regime and was consequently not operating on the principle of freedom of choice.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public