Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a novel metabolic regulator produced primarily by the liver that exerts potent antidiabetic and lipid-lowering effects in animal models of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This hormone contributes to body weight regulation and is strongly involved in the response to nutritional deprivation and ketogenic state in mice. The principal sites of metabolic actions of FGF21 are adipose tissue, liver and pancreas. Experimental studies have shown marked improvements in diabetes compensation and dyslipidemia after FGF21 administration in diabetic mice and primates. Positive metabolic actions of FGF21 without the presence of apparent side effects make this factor a hot candidate to treat type 2 diabetes and accompanying metabolic diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the metabolic effects of FGF21 including some preliminary data on changes of its levels in humans with a special emphasis on its therapeutic potential in type 2 diabetes mellitus., I. Dostálová, D. Haluzíková, M. Haluzík., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The study describes ramadan and the duty to fast which is related to it. Firstly, the attention is drawn to the Czech community of believers, its size and countries of origin of Muslims living in the Czech Republic. A brief description of a research carried out among the Muslims of Prague and Brno between 2006 and 2009 follows. The goal of the research was to capture the everyday life of Sunni Muslims living in the Czech Republic. The next part covers the
religious duty to fast in the month of ramadan - one of five pillars of faith. Particular sanctions following the non-observance of the fast, and the question of who does the duty to fast apply to, are analysed.
The study further describes the way how Muslims celebrate ramadan in the Czech Republic, and what the breaking of the fast “iftar”, which takes place every evening of the month, looks like. tTe study also covers the festival of fast-breaking “Eid al-Fitr” and its
performance in Brno in 2007.