The aim of the present study was to compare the response to acute application of several drugs in adult male and female rats prenatally exposed to metham phetamine (MA). Spontaneous locomotor activity and exploratory behavior of adult male and female rats prenatally exposed to MA (5 mg/kg) or saline were tested in a Laboras apparatus (Metris B.V., Netherlands) for 1 h. Challenge dose of the examined drug [amphetamine - 5 mg/kg; cocaine - 5mg/kg; MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) - 5 mg/kg; morphine - 5 mg/kg; THC (delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol) - 2 mg/kg] or saline was injected prior to testing. Our data demonstrate that prenatal MA exposure did not affect behavior in male rats with cocaine or morphine treatment, but increased locomotion and exploration in females. Application of amphetamine and MDMA in adulthood increased activity in both sexes, while cocaine and THC only in female rats. Morphine, on the other hand, decreased the activity in the Laboras test in both sexes. As far as sex and estrous cycle is concerned, the present study shows that males were generally less active than females and also females in proestrus-estrus phase of the estrous cycle were more active than females in diestrus. In conclusion, the present study shows that the pr enatal MA exposure does not induce general sensitization but affects the sensitivity to drugs dependently to mechanism of drug action and with respect to gonadal hormones., R. Šlamberová ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Galanin (GAL) is suggested to be a neuropeptide involved in pain transmission. In this study we tried to determine, whether the increase of GAL concentration in brain cells affects impulse transmission between the motor centers localized in the vicinity of the third and fourth cerebral ventricles. The experiments were carried out on rats under chloralose anesthesia. The study objectives were realized using the method allowing to record the amplitude of evoked tongue jerks (ETJ) in response to noxious tooth pulp stimulation during the perfusion of the cerebral ventricles with solutions containing tested compounds. Perfusion of the cerebral ventricles with GAL concentration-dependently inhibited the ETJ amplitude. The antinociceptive effect of GAL was blocked by a galanin receptor antagonist, galantide (GLT) and by opioid antagonists: non-selective naloxone (Nal) and μ-selective β-funaltrexamine (β-FNA). In contrast, a δ-opioid receptor antagonist, naltrindole (NTI) or the κ-opioid receptor antagonist, nor-binaltrophimine (nor-BNI) did not inhibit the effect of GAL. The antinociceptive effect of GAL was more pronounced when GAL was perfused in combination with other neuropeptides/neurohormones, such as endomorphin-2 (EM-2), vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT). The present results demonstrate that in the orofacial area analgesic activity is modulated by GAL, OT and AVP and that EM-2-induced antinociception involves GAL., M. Zubrzycka, A. Janecka., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Bolest vyvolaná nádorovým postižením skeletu je nejčastějším typem nádorové bolesti. V léčbě kombinujeme farmakologické a nefarmakologické postupy. Základními lékovými skupinami jsou nesteroidní antiflogistika, slabé a silné opioidy, bisfosfonáty, kortikoidy, antikonvulziva a antidepresiva. Do našeho armamentaria patří i radioterapie, radiofarmaka a některé ortopedické a intervenční radiologické metody., Pain caused by bone involvement by tumor is the most common type of cancer pain. The management consists in the combination of pharmacotherapy a non–pharmacological approaches. The mainstay of pharmacotherapy are NSAID, opioids, bisphosphonates, corticosteroids, anticonulsants and antidepressants. We use also the radiotherapy, radionuclids and some orthopedic and radiologic interventions., Lukáš Pochop, and Literatura 13
The aim of our study was to evaluate possible effect of ABCB1, and OPRM1 polymorphisms on the efficacy and safety of remifentanil in women undergoing elective cesarean section under general anesthesia. Women received remifentanil (1 μg/kg i.v.) 30 s prior to the induction to standardized general anesthesia. The ABCB1 (rs2032582, rs1045642) and OPRM1 (rs1799971) polymorphisms were analyzed from maternal peripheral blood. The basal hemodynamic and demographic parameters in the study population (n=54) were similar in all the subgroups. The median ± SD increase of systolic blood pressure at 5 min from the baseline was practically completely abolished in homozygous carriers of ABCB1 variants in comparison with wildtype subjects -2.67±25.0 vs. 16.57±15.7 mm Hg, p<0.05 for rs2032582, and 2.00±23.9 vs. 22.13±16.8 mm Hg, p<0.05, for rs1045642, respectively. While no neonate belonging to ABCB1 wild-type homozygous or OPRM1 variant carrying mothers needed any resuscitative measure, 10.5 % of the neonates belonging to OPRM1 wild-type homozygous mothers received resuscitative support similarly as 11.1 %, and 12.5 % of neonates of mothers carrying variants of rs2032582, and rs1045642, respectively. Decreased stabilizing effects of remifentanil on maternal hemodynamics has been observed in ABCB1 wild type mothers, while the adaptation of the neonates was clinically worse in OPRM1 wild type, and ABCB1 variant allele carriers., H. Bakhouche, P. Noskova, S. Svetlik, O. Bartosova, J. Ulrichova, J. Kubatova, P. Marusicova, A. Parizek, J. Blaha, O. Slanar., and Obsahuje bibliografii