The intersectional perspective represents, in Czech sociology, an untapped opportunity to examine the interaction between the different lines of inequality in the process of constantly changing social structure. This article aims to enrich current Czech sociological research in two ways. Firstly, it analyses and describes the impacts of the economic crisis on labour market relations in the Czech Republic. Secondly, it applies the intersectional perspective in a quantitative analysis of structural inequalities. In this perspective, we analyse the changing structure of the labour market between 2008 and 2012 at the intersection of gender, class (education), age and parenthood, using statistical indicators. Moreover, we use event-history analysis to capture the risk of job loss in the first phase of the crisis (2008–2010). Our analysis shows that the economic crisis deepened existing inequalities in the labour market, further differentiated female labour market prospects by educational attainment, especially in interaction with parenthood, and also rapidly deteriorated the labour market situation of men with low education, including fathers of small children., Alena Křížková, Lenka Formánková., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The paper examines individualized society and the status of parents and children within it. In the individualized society each individual is defined as a ''person'' of his/her own and not as a member of a social group or a community. Modern concept of individual focuses on originality of each person. Contemporary society requires well socialized people to be able to respect the other individual persons. However, there is not total independency and people are dependent on each other. To be individual person, people need relationships with the others, especially with the significant others. If some of these close relationships have lower status, particularly relationship with children, it can decrease status of individuals in the society and cause severe problems for them. Hence they can hardly fulfill the multiple roles the modern individualized society requires.
The paper deals with the topical issue of families in which mothers do not take parental leave and instead fathers take care of their children. The paper is based on a set of qualitative interviews with five couples. Whereas mothers are perceived routinely as naturally child-rearing person in a couple who give up her labour activity, interviewed women decided to continue working while their partners stay at home and takes care of baby. These women experienced negative reactions of other mothers and society as a whole against them because they prefered their jobs and carriers to the family. Respondents regarded that their role of mother was weakened as well as their feminine identity. However fathers are positively perceived in the society, because they can maintain different social role from traditional breadwinner. As a result, it can cause some difficulties for these women who can experience better opportunities on the labour market but more inequalities in social relations.
The article focuses on the concerns of Czech expectant parents and their subsequent life difficulties. A qualitative longitudinal methodology was used to study parental experiences for a period of around four years. Three waves of semi-structured interviews were conducted with sixteen dual-earner parental couples who had their first child in 2011 or 2012. An analysis of 93 interviews revealed that the fears of the parents-to-be principally concerned childcare, paid work, free time, the relationships, and health. Actual experience of difficulties in these areas was often mentioned by different respondents from those who had expected to have them. The theory of intensive motherhood was employed to underscore the heavy demands and responsibilities placed on contemporary parents and the difficulties that accompany the use of a child-centred approach. The heavy demands on childcare felt by mothers who adhered to the intensive mothering model were cited as causing difficulties in the everyday lives of parental couples; the fathers mainly complained of a lack of rest and quality time with their partners.
The article draws on empirical qualitative research to identify the various ways in which separated or divorced fathers in the Czech Republic relate to the norm of father-provider. It offers an analysis of the plurality of men's approaches to the traditional provider norm of fatherhood, and the changes that occur in their attitudes and approaches as a result of divorce. The results show that although for Czech men the 'provider' dimension is the strongest dimension in their notion of fatherhood even after marital separation, their understanding of what material support for the children means is transformed by the fact of separation. In the father's view, the child, along with the family, ceases to be a joint enterprise, and the child often becomes identified with the ex-wife. According to their notions and practices concerning child support, the men in this study can be divided into three groups: nurturing fathers who reject the provider/caregiver division and thus refuse to pay; helping fathers who consider their children to be primarily the ex-wife's responsibility, and thus only pay small amounts of money, and the fathers-providers who are willing to fully support their children, but only if this support is voluntary and under their control.
Strata dieťaťa je najzraňujúcejšou skúsenosťou akú môže matka zažiť. Cieľom práce bola analýza faktorov súvisiacich s prežívaním zármutku u matiek po strate dieťaťa: času od straty, typu straty a ďalšieho rodičovstva. Údaje boli analyzované kombináciou kvantitatívneho a kvalitatívneho prístupu. 60 matiek po strate dieťaťa (M = 40,0; SD = 9,87) vyplnilo Texaský revidovaný inventár zármutku a dotazník demografických charakteristík. S 12-timi matkami po strate dieťaťa vo veku od 28 do 55 rokov bol realizovaný pološtruktúrovaný rozhovor zameraný na hlbšie porozumenie faktorov súvisiacich s prežívaným zármutkom. Údaje boli analyzované konsenzuálnym kvalitatívnym výskumom. U matiek po viac ako troch rokoch od straty je zármutok nižší. Neboli zistené rozdiely v zármutku medzi očakávanou a náhlou stratou dieťaťa. Matky s očakávanou stratou dieťaťa hodnotili náhlu stratu dieťaťa ako náročnejšiu a naopak. Zármutok u matiek, ktoré stratili jediné dieťa, je vyšší ako u matiek, ktoré mali v čase straty ďalšie dieťa. Matky, ktoré nemali ďalšie dieťa nachádzali zmysel života v starostlivosti o druhých. and Losing a child is the most devastating experience that a mother can experience. The aim of this study was an analysis of factors associated with maternal grief after losing a child: time since loss, type of loss and parenthood. The data were analyzed through combination of quantitative and qualitative approach. A sample of 60 grieving mothers (M = 40,0; SD = 9,87) completed the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief and demographic characteristics questionnaire. The qualitative part of the research was realized by form of semi-structured interviews with 12 mothers aged from 28 to 55 years, focused on deeper understanding of the factors associated with mothers' grief. The data were analyzed through Consensual Qualitative Research. Grief in mothers after more than three years from the loss is lower. There were found no differences in grief of anticipated and sudden loss. Mothers with anticipated loss perceive sudden loss as more difficult, and conversely. Grief in mothers who lost their only child is higher than in mothers who have had another child in time of the loss. Mothers who lost the only child have found the meaning of life in caring about others.