The declared aim of enlightened administrative reforms was to provide security and aid the whole population, i.e., all social classes. Executive powers of the newly introduced police institutions covered - and defined - the whole public sphere and measures such as census or obligation to have a passport applied, at least in theory, to persons from all walks of life. This article examines how and to what extent were these ambitions applied in practice and whether these measures had an equalising effect on the society. The author concludes that unequal, in this case preferential, administrative treatment of especially the aristocracy was still widespread at the beginning of the nineteenth century. On the one hand, persons of a higher social status - who often held public offices - were supposed to embody the new civil virtues and set an example. On the other hand, however, it was feared that any public punishment or police treatment of such persons would undermine public authority and social order in general., Pavel Himl., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Východiskem tohoto textu je teorie křesťanské sociální nauky.Použité metody souvisejí s výchozí metodologií analýzy veřejné politiky. Tento text se zabývá etikou ve veřejné politice ve třech aspektech. Prvním aspektem je objasnění základních pojmů etiky ve veřejné politice, resp. politické etiky. Druhým aspektem je pohled na současný stav etiky ve veřejné politice ČR, na jeho příčiny i možné důsledky.Třetí aspekt je nastíněním možného využití nástrojů strategického řízení pro ovlivnění budoucího stavu společnosti., Background of this text is the theory of Christian social science. Methods used result from the source methodology of public policy analysis.This text is concerned with ethics in public policy in three main aspects. The first aspect shows up elementary ideas and conceptions of public policy ethics. The view of current state of public policy ethics in the Czech Republic, its causations and possible results, are the second aspect of this study. The last aspect is proposal of using the instruments of strategic management to influence positively the long-term future of the Czech society., Hana Paterová, and Lit.: 12
This paper examines the personal interventions of the empress in the reform process. Maria Theresa intervened in this process in various ways. First of all, she was able to supervise it directly through her signing of official documents, to which she would add instructions for their enactment to the court authorities or to particular countries of her realm. She also tried to make sure that competent individuals were appointed to the administrative apparatus responsible for implementing and supervising the reforms, irrespective of their social estate - though in this she was only partly successful. In addition, she kept her civil servants in check by requiring them to file regular reports. Finally, by calling for fiscal economies she had a hand in controlling public expenditure., Zbyněk Sviták., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy