A phylogeny of fifty-eight cockchafer species belonging to the genus Amphimallon Berthold, 1827 is proposed, based on sixty-five morphological characters. The cladistic analysis provides seventy-two equally parsimonious trees. The genus Amphimallon is redefined and species-groups are introduced and defined: A. pini-group (seven species), A. vernale-group (five species), A. solstitiale-group (seven species), A. arianae-group (two species), A. peropacum-group (one species), A. fuscum-group (eleven species), A. naceyroi-group (seven species), A. majale group (five species), A. lusitanicum-group (six species). Other species previously placed in Amphimallon are considered species incertae sedis in this paper: amphibolum Peyerimhoff, 1949, and a monophyletic group composed of six North African species: altifrons Baraud, 1971, julieni Baraud, 1972, melillanum Baraud, 1972, scutellare Lucas, 1846, subcristatum Fairmaire, 1879, subparallelum Escalera, 1913. Four new Amphimallon species are described: A. adanense sp. n. from Turkey, A. maniense sp. n. from Greece, A. jeannae sp. n. and A. safiense sp. n. from Morocco. The following taxonomic conclusions are proposed: A. seidlitzi Brenske, 1891 = A. trisinuatum Reitter, 1902 syn. n.; Amphimallon jeannei (Baraud, 1971) comb. n.; Miltotrogus caucasicus Gyllenhal, 1817 comb. n.; Amphimallon vernale (Brullé, 1832) stat. n.; A. furvum (Germar, 1817) stat. n.; A. javeti Stierlin, 1864 stat. n.
Recently, based on a limited morphological characterisation and partial 18S rRNA gene sequence, Jiang et al. (2019) described Trypanosoma micropteri Jiang, Lu, Du, Wang, Hu, Su et Li, 2019 as a new pathogen of farmed fish. Here we provide evidence based on the expanded sequence dataset, morphology and experimental infections that this trypanosome does not warrant the establishment as a new species, because it is conspecific with the long-term known Trypanosoma carassii Mitrophanow, 1883, a common haemoflagellate parasite of freshwater fish. The former taxon thus becomes a new junior synonym of T. carassii.
Up to now, Czech linguistics generally assumed that the so called secondary imperfective verbs (SI) can only be used if the primary imperfective verb (PI) and the SI of the same root have different meaning. Thus, the SI svařovat (S-vař-ova-t (to boil; -vař- being the root, s- the prefix and -ova- and -t the suffixes) is used because the PI vařit (vař-i-t (to cook) has a different meaning. Contrary to that, uvařovat (*U-vař-ova-t) is not used because its meaning would be the same as in the basic PI vařit. Only a few exceptions to this rule were assumed to exist. However, the corpus findings show that this assumption was false. There are at least 160 SI derived from the basic PI in current standard written Czech language which are synonymous to the PI. This article concentrates on SI derivations with the prefix VY- and presents empirical data which enable us to postulate the synonymy of PI and SI with some 70 verb pairs.
In this paper, we will focus our attention on two basic semantic notions: linguistic expression and relation of synonymy (lexical synonymy). We will try to analyze the notions in three semantic fields: logic, linguistic, and pragmatic (F. Recanati), and see whether these three fields can provide us with satisfactory solutions. We will show that the pragmatic conception of semantics is not satisfactory in explaining neither the notion of linguistic expression nor the notion of synonymy - two very basic semantic notions; which could be done in logical and linguistic semantics. and Barbora Geistová Čakovská
The type-material of Psilostomum lineatum Linton, 1928 was re-examined and identified as Podocotyle reflexa (Creplin, 1825). This re-allocation of the type and only species invalidates the genus Psilolintonum that is now considered a synonym of Podocotyle.
A total of 18 Palaearctic and Oriental species of Endomia are treated. Two of them are described as new: Endomia rameshi sp. n. (South India) and Endomia gracilis sp. n. (South Vietnam). A new synonymy Endomia arabica Pic, 1913 (= Endomia longicornis Pic & Hawkins, 1955, syn. n.) is proposed. Lectotypes are designated for the following seven species: E. indica (Laferté, 1848); E. euphratica Krekich-Strassoldo, 1926; E. nana Krekich-Strassoldo, 1926; E. gratiosa Krekich-Strassoldo, 1926; E. lumulata Krekich-Strassoldo, 1926; E. baeri (Pic, 1902); E. malayana (Pic, 1895).
The genera Nemadiopsis Jeannel, 1936 and Falkonemadus Szymczakowski, 1961 are redescribed and revised. The taxonomic position of Nemadiopsis and Falkonemadus is analy sed using features of male and female genitalia. Two new subgenera, Nemadiopsicus subgen. n. and Nemadiopsella subgen. n. and five new species, Nemadiopsis (Nemadiopsis) grossicornis sp. n., N. (Nemadiopsicus) rotundatus sp. n., N. (Nemadiopsella) curvipes sp. n., Falkonemadus similaris sp. n. and F. avicularis sp. n. are described. Keys to the subgenera and species are given. Nemadiopsis (Nemadiopsis) edwardsi Jeannel, 1936 and N. (N.) irretusus Szymczakowski, 1962 are proposed as junior subjective synonyms of Nemadiopsis (N.) fastidiosus (Fairmaire et Germain, 1859).
The blister beetle genus Teratolytta, belonging to the tribe Lyttini, is revised and a classification is proposed. Two main sections of the genus - one including five groups of species and the other three groups - are tentatively defined. Four new species from Eastern and Southern Anatolia are described (T. carlae sp. n., T. dvoraki sp. n., T. monticola sp. n., T. taurica sp. n.), and a key to the 17 recognized species is proposed. A diagnosis of the species as well as taxonomic remarks are proposed, and a catalogue of localities is presented. In particular, Teratolytta tricolor (Haag-Rutenberg, 1880) comb. n. is re-established as a distinct species, T. cooensis G. Müller, 1936 is confirmed as a synonym of T. gentilis (Frivaldszky, 1877), T. bytinskii Kaszab, 1957 as a synonym of T. senilis (Abeille de Perrin, 1895), and T. holzschuhi Dvořák, 1983 is proposed as a synonym of T. eylandti Semenow, 1894; some infraspecific forms are referred to the variability of T. gentilis and T. flavipes (Mulsant & Rey, 1858). The first instar larva of T. gentilis is described and figured, and the sexual behaviour of this species is also briefly studied.
The Asian neriid fly genus Telostylus Bigot (Diptera: Neriidae) is revised, including a key and illustrations of its species. Lectotype designations are proposed for four species: Telostylus babiensis de Meijere, T. decemnotatus Hendel, T. remipes (Walker) and T. trilineatus de Meijere. Two new species are described: Telostylus marshalli Sepúlveda & de Carvalho, sp. n., from Sarawak, Malaysia, and T. whitmorei Sepúlveda & de Carvalho, sp. n., from Masbate, Philippines. The morphology of Telostylus binotatus Bigot and T. remipes (Walker) is discussed in order to support their synonymy. Additionally, new country records are provided for four species: Telostylus babiensis de Meijere for Philippines, T. binotatus Bigot for Papua New Guinea, T. inversus Hennig for Malaysia and Indonesia, and T. trilineatus de Meijere for Malaysia and Philippines.
Two new species belonging to the genus Willemia are described: W. bedosae sp. n. and W. christianseni sp. n. Redescriptions of Willemia dubia Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980 and W. similis Mills, 1934 are provided. Willemia vashtia Wray, 1950 is a new synonym of W. similis. These four species and four other of the genus constitute the Willemia anophthalma-group. This group is characterized by one feature not shared by the other species of the genus: the presence of setae a l on abdominal sternum IV. A comparative table and an identification key are given for these eight species, as well as some remarks on their habitats.