The relative length of telomeres measured in peripheral blood leukocytes is a commonly used system marker for biological aging and can also be used as a biomarker of cardiovascular aging. However, to what extent the telomere length in peripheral leukocytes reflects telomere length in different organ tissues is still unclear. Therefore, we have measured relative telomere length (rTL) in twelve different human tissues (peripheral blood leukocytes, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, brain, skin, triceps, tongue mucosa, intercostal skeletal muscle, subcutaneous fat, and abdominal fat) from twelve cadavers (age range of 29 week of gestation to 88 years old). The highest rTL variability was observed in peripheral leukocytes, and the lowest variability was found in brain. We found a significant linear correlation between leukocyte rTL and both intercostal muscle (R=0.68, P<0.02) and liver rTL (R=0.60, P<0.05) only. High rTL variability was observed between different organs from one individual. Furthermore, we have shown that even slight DNA degradation (modeled by sonication of genomic DNA) leads to false rTL shortening. We conclude that the rTL in peripheral leukocytes is not strongly correlated with the rTL in different organs., D. Dlouha, J. Maluskova, I. Kralova Lesna, V. Lanska, J. A. Hubacek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Tento příspěvek představuje výsledky mé disertační práce na téma remodelace tkání s důrazem na tkáň kostní. Pro studium a modelování tohoto procesu jsme vyvinuli biotermodynamický koncept remodelace, který umožňuje zahrnutí obou zásadních vlivů: mechanické stimulace i biochemických podmínek. Na typických onemocněních spojených s remodelací dokumentujeme použitelnost modelu., This article presents key results from the author's Ph.D. thesis on tissue remodelling with focus on bone tissue. We have developed a biothermodynamic concept of remodeling, for studying and modelling, of this process which enables to inclusion of two crucial factors: mechanical stimulation and biochemical conditions. We use typical diseases related to remodelling to show the apllicability of the model., Václav Klika., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Raman microspectroscopy (μRS) and imaging is gradually becoming a practical tool for contactless and nondestructive analysis of microscopis objects. Due to the combination of chemical specificity of vibrational spectra and spatial resolution offered by confocal optical microscopy, μRS techniques are particularly suitable for studying chemical composition and morphology of living cells and biological tissues. Progress in experimental technniques and development of methods making the informational richness of vibrational spectra more accessible allowed expansion of μRS beyond the walls of specialized spectroscopis laboratories directly into biomedical practice., Ramanova mikrospektroskopie (μRS) a zobrazování se postupně prosazuje jako praktický nástroj pro bezkontaktní a nedestruktivní analýzu mikroskopických objektů. Díky kombinaci chemické specificity vibračních spekter a prostorového rozlišení poskytovaného konfokální optickou mikroskopií jsou techniky μRS zvlášť vhodné pro studium chemického složení a morfologie živých buněk i biologických tkání. Pokrok v experimentální technice a rozvoj metod zpřístupňujících informační bohatství vibračních spekter umožnily rozšíření μRS mimo zdi specializovaných spektroskopických laboratoří přímo do biomedicínské praxe., Peter Mojzeš, Jan Palacký, Václava Bauerová, Lucie Bednárová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
a1_The tissue factor plays a crucial role in initiating blood coagulation after plaque rupture in patients with acute coronary syndrome. It is abundant in atherosclerotic plaques. Moreover, P-selectin, some cytokines, endotoxin and immune complexes can stimulate monocytes and induce the tissue factor expression on their surface. The aim of the study was to compare plasma levels of the tissue factor, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, P-selectin, E-selectin and ICAM-1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, stable coronary artery disease and normal control subjects. In addition, plasma levels of the tissue factor, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, P-selectin, E-selectin and ICAM-1 were measured in the blood withdrawn from the coronary sinus in a subgroup of patients with unstable angina pectoris and stable coronary artery disease in which the difference between concentrations in the coronary sinus and systemic blood was calculated. A significant increase in tissue factor pathway inhibitor plasma levels was detected in patients with acute myocardial infarction (373.3±135.1 ng/ml, p<0.01) and unstable angina pectoris (119.6±86.9 ng/ml, p<0.05) in contrast to the patients with stable coronary artery disease (46.3±37.5 ng/ml) and normal subjects (45.1±14.3 ng/ml). The plasma levels of tissue factor pathway inhibitor were significantly increased both in the coronary sinus and systemic blood in the patients with unstable angina pectoris. There was only a non-significant trend to higher plasma levels of the tissue factor in patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris as compared to the patients with stable coronary artery disease and normal subjects, the values being 129.1±30.2 pg/ml, 130.5±57.8 pg/ml, 120.2±45.1 pg/ml and 124.9±31.8 pg/ml, respectively., a2_Plasma levels of soluble P-selectin was only slightly, but non-significantly higher in patients with unstable angina pectoris and stable coronary artery disease (184.2±85.4 ng/ml and 201.6±67.9 ng/ml, respectively) than in patients with the acute myocardial infarction (157.4±88.4 ng/ml) or normal subjects (151.4±47.1 ng/ml). The difference in plasma levels of soluble ICAM-1 between the blood withdrawn from the coronary sinus and systemic circulation correlated significantly with the corresponding difference in plasma levels of soluble P-selectin and E-selectin. In conclusion, the tissue factor and the tissue factor pathway inhibitor play a crucial role in the initiation of arterial thrombosis. The tissue factor pathway inhibitor levels are increased both in the systemic blood and in the coronary sinus of patients with the acute coronary syndrome., M. Malý, J. Vojáček, V. Hraboš, M. Semrád, M. Mates, J. Kvasnička, P. Salaj, V. Durdil., and Obsahuje bibliografii