The population and genetic profiles of a remnant Vimba vimba population in the upper course of the River Dyje (N=48°53 ́18 ́ ́/ E=15°39 ́29 ́ ́) was carried out to provide a basis for conservation measures. This population is an isolated fragment of a more widespread population in this river system and is now declining. It came into being 60 years ago as a consequence of the construction of the Vranov dam in the middle section of the River Dyje. Over those 60 years V. vimba disappeared from the other localities of the River Dyje basin. In the population under study, vimba is a single-batch spawner involving two age groups of fishes (4 to 5 years of the age). Individuals over six years of age are rare and sporadically occurring fishes of 8 to 10 years are exclusively females. The size of the adult part of population is less than one thousand individuals. The length growth rate is relatively high as compared with other studied populations in the Czech Republic, fishes of five years attain 200 mm of Sl. A very low genetic variability was evidenced in the population (mean number of alleles per locus = 1.30 ± 0.1; percentage of polymorphic loci = 16.7 %; mean observed heterozygosity = 0.022 ± 0.011).