Základním předpokladem pro úspěšnou léčbu syndromu diabetické nohy je multidisciplinární spolupráce. V optimálním případě diagnostiku a léčbu řídí lékař v podiatrické ambulanci, který je i garantem efektivního využívání finančních prostředků. Obecnou obavou diabetiků je strach ze ztráty končetiny. Na základě mezioborové spolupráce lze v řadě případů zabránit velké amputaci nebo v případě její nutnosti zajistit protetickou a rehabilitační péči. Nové možnosti revaskularizace a spolupráce s antibiotickými centry zvyšují úspěšnost chirurgické léčby syndromu diabetické nohy. Operační výkony na diabetické noze dělíme na operace elektivní, profylaktické, léčebné a emergentní. Cílem elektivních výkonů je korekce deformit, které jsou rizikové pro vznik ulcerací. Operační postupy jsou shodné jako u nediabetiků. Z profylaktických výkonů provádíme rekonstrukční operace při Charcotově artropatii. Speciální operační postupy zahrnuje pojem superkonstrukce. Léčebné výkony pomáhají zhojit ulcerace při selhání konzervativní léčby. Typ výkonu plánujeme s ohledem na rozsah osteomyelitidy a na zásah do architektoniky nohy, abychom zabránili reulceraci. Emergentní výkony provádíme v případě akutní infekce. Základem úspěchu je radikální otevření všech postižených kompartmentů nohy s evakuací abscesů, dostatečná antibiotická léčba a revaskularizace., The basic prerequisite for the successful treatment of the diabetic foot is a multidisciplinary approach. Ideally, the diagnosis and treatment is managed by a podiatrist, who is also responsible for a cost-effective and well-managed setting. General concern of diabetics is the fear of losing a limb. On the basis of multidisciplinary approach is possible to prevent major amputations in many cases, or in case of them to ensure the prosthetic and rehabilitation care. New possibilities of revascularization and cooperation with antibiotic centers increase the success of surgical treatment of diabetic foot syndrome. Surgical procedures could be divided into four classes: elective, prophylactic, curative, emergent. The aim of elective operations is the correction of painful deformities that are at risk for the formation of ulcers. Surgical procedures are the same as in non-diabetics. Prophylactic procedures comprises reconstruction of Charcot foot. Special surgical procedures described the concept of “superconstruct”. Curative procedures help to heal ulcers when conservative treatment fails. Type of procedure is planned with regard of the extent of osteomyelitis and of the intervention in architectonics of the foot to prevent a recurrence of the ulcer. Emergent procedures are performed in case of acute infection. Radical revision of all affected compartments with evacuation of the abscesses, adequate antibiotic therapy and revascularization are essential., and Tomáš Kučera, Jaromír Šrot, Josef Roubal, Pavel Šponer
Our case-based review focuses on limb salvage through operative management of Charcot neuroarthropathy of the diabetic foot. We describe a case, when a below-knee amputation was considered in a patient with chronic Charcot foot with a rocker-bottom deformity and chronic plantar ulceration. Conservative treatment failed. Targeted antibiotic therapy and operative management (Tendo-Achilles lengthening, resectional arthrodesis of Lisfranc and midtarsal joints, fixation with large-diameter axial screws, and plaster cast) were performed. On the basis of this case, we discuss options and drawbacks of surgical management. Our approach led to healing of the ulcer and correction of the deformity. Two years after surgery, we observed a significant improvement in patient's quality of life. Advanced diagnostic and imaging techniques, a better understanding of the biomechanics and biology of Charcot neuroarthropathy, and suitable osteosynthetic material enables diabetic limb salvage. and T. Kučera, P. Šponer, J. Šrot
Charcot foot neuropathic osteoarthropathy is a disorder affecting the soft tissues, joints, and bones of the foot and ankle. The disease is triggered in a susceptible individual through a process of uncontrolled inflammation leading to osteolysis, progressive fractures and articular malpositioning due to joint subluxations and dislocations. The progression of the chronic deformity with a collapsed plantar arch leads to plantar ulcerations because of increased pressure on the plantar osseous prominences and decreased plantar sensation. Subsequent deep soft tissue infection and osteomyelitis may result in amputation. The Charcot foot in diabetes represents an important diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in clinical practice. Conservative treatment remains the standard of the care for most patients with neuropathic disorder. Offloading the foot and immobilization based on individual merit are essential and are the most important recommendations in the active acute stage of the Charcot foot. Surgical realignment with stabilization is recommended in severe progressive neuropathic deformities consisting of a collapsed plantar arch with a rocker-bottom foot deformity. and P. Sponer, T. Kucera, J. Brtková, J. Srot