BACKGROUND: In the cholesteatoma surgery ossicles can be replaced to reconstruct middle ear function. It is important that these ossicles are free of squamous epithelium, to prevent residual disease. This study focuses on the histological findings of the malleus and incus harvested during cholesteatoma surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty middle ears ossicles were examined in vivo and histologically to consider the relationship of cholesteatoma to ossicles, grade of bone destruction and invasion of cholesteatoma to deeper layers of bone. RESULTS: Serious ossicular destruction was observed more frequently in incus compared to malleus (p=0.0065). Difference of ossicles destruction between children and adults was not significant (p=0.3032). Deep invasion of cholesteatoma into the vascular spaces or inner core of the bone was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Autograft ossicles from cholesteatomatous ears should not necessarily be rejected for reconstruction of the ossicular chain. Regarding the histological finding, the authors suggest mechanical cleaning of the ossicle surface to eliminate residual disease. and L. Školoudík, E. Šimáková, D. Kalfeřt, V. Chrobok
Na 3 kazuistikách je demonstrován současný pohled na diagnostiku a léčbu trombózy esovitého splavu. Trombóza vzniká na infekčním nebo neinfekčním podkladě. Příčinou infekční trombózy je akutní mastoiditida, častá u dětí obvykle spojená s hyperkoagulačním stavem nebo dlouhodobý chronický středoušní zánět s cholesteatomem, především u dospělých s poruchou imunity nebo diabetes mellitus. Neinfekční trombóza vzniká především na podkladě poruchy koagulace a postihuje zvláště mladé ženy, kuřačky, gravidní nebo ženy užívající hormonální antikoncepci. Léčba zánětlivých otogenních trombóz esovitého splavu je založena na podávání antibiotik a chirurgické sanaci spánkové kosti; podání antikoagulační léčby a chirurgické vybavení trombu není jednoznačné. Naopak antikoagulační terapie je klíčová u neinfekčních trombóz splavu. U všech nemocných s trombózou splavu je třeba cíleně pátrat po přítomnosti vrozeného či získaného trombofilního stavu., Three case studies demonstrate current views on the diagnosing and treatment of thrombosis of the sigmoid sinus. The factors causing thrombosis are of infectious and non-infectious nature. The cause of infectious thrombosis is acute mastoiditis which is frequent in children and is usually linked with a state of hypercoagulation, or a long-term chronic middle ear inflammation with cholesteatoma, especially in adult patients with an immune system disorder or diabetes mellitus. Non-infectious thrombosis primarily develops as a result of disturbed coagulation and prevailingly affects young women, female smokers, pregnant women or women taking hormonal contraception. The treatment of inflammatory otogenous thrombosis of sigmoid sinus is based on the administration of antibiotics and surgical sanitation of the temporal bone; administration of anticoagulation medication and surgical treatment of the thrombus is still an issue. On the other hand, anticoagulation therapy is a key element in non-infectious sigmoid sinus thromboses. Targeted detection of inborn or acquired thrombophilic state is necessary in all patients with sigmoid sinus thrombosis., Viktor Chrobok, Arnošt Pellant, Edvard Ehler, and Lit. 18